Medieval dynasty wikipedia

Medieval Dynasty

2020.05.03 09:42 Cauzix Medieval Dynasty

An unofficial community for anything and everything dedicated to the First-Person Town Building Survival game Medieval Dynasty.
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2022.11.04 16:12 KarlheinzTrollsmash RealMedievalDynasty

Officially supported Medieval Dynasty Reddit. Racimir welcomes you to his town! Get the latest news and updates for the 1st/3rd person builder in the year 1000 AD Middle Ages.
[link]


2016.06.02 19:56 mattschuette Mittelalter Rock

Mittelalter is German for medieval, and this subreddit is for modern music with a Mittelalter focus of some sort - old tune, old lyrics, etc.
[link]


2023.03.29 23:10 docXfamas [H] Bundled Games from HB and Fanatical [W] Wishlisted games, PayPal/TF2 keys

Note:

HAVE

MARCH 2023 games
Safe in Our World Charity Bundle 2023
FEBRUARY 2023 games
Survival Instinct Bundle
JANUARY 2023 games
DECEMBER 2022 Monthly Bundle Leftovers
Black Friday VR Voyager's Pack
OTHER KEYS
NOVEMBER 2022 Monthly Bundle Leftovers
2K MEGAHITS BUNDLE
LIST OF ALL HB LEFTOVERS -
LIST OF ALL FANATICAL LEFTOVERS -
AS OTHER KEYS (UNSURE IF UNUSED SO I WILL GO FIRST)

WANT

Biomutant - LATAM/RU/CIS/SEA/IN key Hero's Hour - TR key
Mainly looking for PayPal (accepting most of the currencies, fees may slightly differ)
MY REP Wishlist
Gems
TF2 keys/ Csgo keys
submitted by docXfamas to SteamGameSwap [link] [comments]


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Processing gif 7218z5ktvoqa1...
"I'm thirteen years old. What about you?"
Friday night and our football team was in the quarterfinals against our toughest rival. Win or lose, this was the biggest game of the season. It started at the band house that night as the marching band was preparing to take cadence to the stands and play pep band for the rest of the night. My name is Tony; I play tenors in our drum line. Me and my friend Becca are getting into an argument over who should ride with our friend jeni to her house after the game. Becca is newly single after a pretty long relationship, and I've had a huge crush on her for a long time, she has the perfect body, perfect boobs, perfect butt, perfect lips... everything. Jeni is one of mine and becca's best friends and Me, Becca, Jeni, and Sarah (another friend who's bisexual and really hot) are all going over to jeni's after the game to eat pizza watch movies and stay the night. Mine and Jeni's mom's are really good friends so I get to stay over there whenever I want, and our parents never worry about the whole opposite sex thing.
She’s somewhat attractive but plain. 5’7” in flats with a simple brown skirt and cream blouse and a matching brown blazer jacket, all of that and some dirty blonde hair in a bun on the back of her head and I’d pretty much look at her as a stereo typical librarian. Needless to say I’m not impressed or really interested in who she is other than to gauge my new adversary.
“Shhhhh! Just because everything’s ok doesn’t mean we can be loud as hell!”
contact with her warm smooth flesh made his heartbeat quicken, and
“Are you too hurt to stand up?” Nicole harshly asked him immediately, barely after he hit the floor. She didn’t wait for an answer and immediately followed with, “Then beat it!!” Poison practically dripped from her words. Matt quickly scrambled to his feet and ran as fast as he could out of there.
“Then she’s marrying a smart man who has money, I’m telling you kid I got reach. Say the word and I’ll make it happen,” I offer but he’s got no reason to believe me,” I’m telling you say the word and that boy Hector or his boss Carlos become missing persons.”
"Meep!" Steph hickupped as he pulled her. "You wouldn't do it!" She teased, looking back at him. "Besides, nobody will be around.. It's going to rain soon.." She tried to wiggle out of his grip, without dropping the drink.
After a few minutes of hot canoodling, Zach felt Molly pull away. He was disappointed at first, then he felt her body sliding down the bed along his. He looked at his sister's beautiful body as she pulled it down along the bed, then she stopped when she reached his cock.
"Wow, I write down new stuff everytime I go there" Kyle said.
My stomach sank. “Really? Only heavy explosives seem to do anything to them. And we're running out of those.”
The sun streaming through Tonya's door had caused moisture to collect between Candy's breast. She should have been ashamed of her reaction to the sweat glistening on Evan's muscled body, but she embraced her desire and hugged herself. Her shirt pulled tight and the hot material made her nipples hard. She wanted to touch herself and think about what Evan did in the bathroom. What had happened to her remorse and her resolve?
With that I came harder than I had ever before and she collapsed on top of me. Both of us were breathing quickly and were incredibly exhausted. She climbed off of me and laid down next to me.
“Sorry to flash you like that, Collin,” she began to apologize, “but this asshole isn’t where he’s supposed to be!” Her derision was delivered with a biting tone, but also accompanied with an aura of the love they shared.
And plus, listening to Hailey describe Chris’s dick had reminded her how much she had enjoyed it and was missing it.
Leaving the room, Bruce entered a hallway where he saw the girl tossing an antique vase between her hands. As he walked closer, he called out, "It's from the Chinese Ming dynasty."
"It was my doing exactly so much as a mingling of the blessings bestowed upon you and your own will to fight," she replied simply.
I was getting pissed off with her now.
I pinned the arm she'd used to try and hit me with behind her back then backhanded her with my free hand.
I smiled back, then cleared my throat. This is what Morgan was doing for me. So help me God, I was going to get out this sentence, no matter what. She deserved to know. She cared. She needed to see that I cared enough to tell her the damn truth.
We arrived half an hour later, I drove past my dad’s house to her house.
"Aww does poor Jessica's bottom hurt?" Megan playfully toyed condescendingly. "Well maybe she should have done what she was told" The red haired girl grinned as she again gave two fierce spankings to the bare flesh of her best friend. "Well, I am going to go change clothes, and I may just take an hour or so... So no more excuses about me being a cock-block, understand?" Megan grinned, and headed towards the hall. Just as she rounded the corner out of sight, she conducted a better idea, and decided that instead of leaving the couple alone, she could instead document it for later that weekend. With that, she got her camera phone out, and while the unsuspecting couple decided to get back to their intimate time, Megan hurriedly turned off all the sounds her phone might make, and stealthily watched in anticipation.
“You know, Rob these are really beautiful. I love the shape of the head. It reminds me of a medieval monk…like one of those who used to spend their lives copying manuscripts. I also wonder why it’s so spongy when the rest is so hard. I’ve also noticed the skin. It’s loose so when you fuck me it seems to stay still while the part underneath moves back and forth. All in all it’s like a beautiful mystery, but I love it…everything about it. Now let me show you.”
Taylor turned to Morgan. “He’s so cute,” she cooed patronizingly.
Finally after chasing Harry relentlessly through the battle that was still raging around Hogwarts, Ron finally caught up with Harry on the castle walls. Heavy rain fell as the thunder and wind howled around them, the Dark Mark still shining brightly in the night-sky above them. The bright flashes of spells still being cast in the grounds illuminated their faces to each other as they stared across the void to one another.
“Remember you gave me your word,” Kimiko says before kissing me lightly on the cheek.
“I won’t." I say cutting him off. "But only because I know Sarah isn't worthy of your high feelings towards her.”
He really couldn’t see past his own experiences, could he? “If that’s so, why do so many teens want it? And why do they want it more once they get some?” I grilled him.
I had to stop myself from spanking her again, my hand was already in the air. I realised I'd been pulling on her hair the whole time too.
When we got back to the house my brother and his girlfriend
Same ritual. Made her turn around a few times, strike a few poses, and then turned it down. I think by this time she was enjoying the game as much as I was. This wasn’t the first time we had had this kind of sexual tension, but it was definitely the most intense. Once again, she pouted and prepared to try on the last of the swimsuits she had picked out.
I enter her small single story home. The door opens to the living room, with the kitchen and dining room to the left, and a hallway to the bedrooms on the right. I would later find out that the third bedroom was empty, Dawn is an only child.
I get up from the couch and head up to my room to find ‘small shorts’. I settle on a bathing suit that was about a size too small for me and cram myself into it before awkwardly heading back down stairs. I’m shaking a little thanks to my brain reminding me I’m going to be in small shorts and no shirt in front of a half dozen girls that are so far out of my league that I’d need a space shuttle to ask them to lunch at school. I step into the doorway and that’s when every female in the room goes from giggling to themselves about what I’ll look like to awkwardly quiet. I move back to the spot they pulled me down to so I would be on the floor with them and now nobody wants to speak or look at me.
“Dude, remember when your dad told you you couldn't go to the water park, and we went anyway? Didn't he knock your head off and ground you for two weeks?”
They were a little calmer now but they could spark back up at any moment. “Jack—”
“Because you’ve never had anyone taken from you, not anyone that matters,” I get the words out and Beth’s face goes from pleading to anger.
"Stop it," Carter said, drawing in again. "Am I really showing that much?" He twisted on the bench to see himself.
Each hard thrust takes me slightly farther in and offers another scream of pain. Too soon, though, I hear more pleasure than pain in those screams. I roughly shove and hold her face into the sheets, laying my chest on her back. Reaching around with my free hand I dig the fingernails of my thumb and forefinger into her nipple and twist it harshly.
As Christie finally finished her story, she sat on the bed next to Leslie and began to cry. Leslie cradled her in her arms, and made comforting noises as she stroked Christie’s hair.
Dani looked between the three of them and noticed how hot she felt. She wasn’t sure why but she did want to know what it was like to be played with by someone else. “Can we at least go inside and do this? I don’t feel comfortable doing it outside,” She said, and everyone obliged. They grabbed their sodas and their clothes, heading inside the house.
sparks001
“I am very wrong,” I admit it for the first time,” I think I’m too broken.”
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2023.03.29 13:47 agrippinus_17 "How did we decide what year it is?" The AskHistorians podcast and the origins of the Christian Era

I have now been browsing the AskHistorians subreddit for quite a while. Earlier in the year, I noticed an uptick in questions about the origins of the AD dating systems and about western chronology in general, with several answers redirecting queries to the subreddit’s FAQ. Out of curiosity and since this is stuff that I have studied and I should know (no matter what my impostor syndrome tells me), I checked the relevant section of the FAQ (https://www.reddit.com/AskHistorians/wiki/language/#wiki_calendars).
Sitting at the top of the list of answered question, there is the sixth episode of the AskHistorians podcast, titled “How did we decide what year it is?”. It was hosted by Algenon_Asimov and it dates back all the way to March 18th, 2014. The host attempts to answer the titular question and while at it, he goes into a bit of an exploration of various alternative dating systems. However, the focus of the podcast is on the origins of the Christian era, that is to say, the Anno Domini system counting the years from the supposed birth of Jesus Christ, with special attention given to the figure of the sixth-century monk Dionysius, who is often credited with coming up with it. The podcast concludes with a recap of the reception of his work by later chronologists.
I have a lot of issues with the contents of this podcast, which is surprising, because the majority of the answers in that FAQ are in fact quite solid and well-researched, including one written by the same user who hosted the podcast. While it’s not especially terrible, it is really not up to the usual standard of the subreddit. With this post I want to explain why. There are a few minor quibbles and one big problem. I will discuss them in due order, reporting the relevant timestamps, but I want to dedicate more space to the one major piece of bad history found in the podcast.
Starting at the 3.45-minute mark and ending at the 8.30 mark there is a list of various dating systems from the ancient world. These are: the Roman consular lists, the Ab Urbe Condita reckoning, the Seleucid era, the Anno Mundi, the Chinese regnal years era, the Olympiads and the Mayan calendar. I do not have much to say about this section, as most of the information reported is, as far as I know, correct. I take issue with the host’s pronunciation of “Ab Urbe Condita” (4.55): that’s a long I so the stress should fall on the antepenultimate syllable (CONdita and not conDIta). Moreover, you could argue that, while the last eponymous consul was indeed appointed under Justinian (4.30), the emperor did not abolish the consular position altogether, it just became one of the accessories of the imperial title, with the dating function being taken over by reference to the regnal years.
At the 8.40-minute mark we meet our protagonist: Dionysius the Scythian abbas. I am not going to call him Exiguus and nor I have any intention to translate his name to Dennis the Little. Please be aware that this is more of pet peeve of mine than substantial criticism, as I will explain in a short while.
First, a bit of context: what little we know about Dionysius comes from two main sources: his own works and what his contemporary and admirer Cassiodorus wrote about him. Cassiodorus (Institutiones, 1, 23.2-4) told us that Dionysius was born a Scythian, and that he was a bilingual scholar learned in both Latin and Greek, and a humble and devout monk who had moved to Rome sometimes in the early 500s. He was likely already dead by the time Cassiodorus was writing (the 550s). Cassiodorus called him an abbas, a title of respect for an ascetic clergyman, though this does not necessarily mean that Dionysius had any organizational or leadership responsibilities in his community. Of Dionysius’s own work, quite a lot has survived. Most of it consists of translations of Greek texts into Latin, the most significant being that of canons of the ecclesiastical councils and of papal decretals from the fourth and fifth century. Even his work on chronology can primarily be described as a translation.
As promised, a little aside about my pet peeve: in the dedicatory prefaces of these works and in his Paschal letters (which are the main reason for his notoriety today) Dionysius seems to adopt the cognomen Exiguus for himself, and the full name Dionysius Exiguus is the one that the scientific community has adopted for him. I can’t do anything about it, but since the study of epistolary conventions is what I wrote my thesis about, I will have everyone who bothers to listen to me know that, in this case, Exiguus is an epistolary formula humilitatis and should not be understood as a cognomen. In letters from Late Antiquity, the hierarchical nature of society and the need to show one’s adherence to the humility demanded by the Christian ethos caused writers to expand their salutations with expressions such as servus (slave) peccator (sinner) infimus (the least). Exiguus (little) only appears in Dionysius’s work in this context: he would have not called himself that in other occasions. His friend Cassiodorus did not address him that way, and Dionysius was certainly not the last to use Exiguus in a prefatory address. At least Alden Mosshammer seems to agree with me on this one (Mosshammer, 2008 p.6).
With this introduction and this little rant out of the way, let us go back to the podcast and into the meat of things. How did the Anno Domini come to be?
Dionysius was working on how to keep track of when Easter fell each year” (8.45).
Yes. The host goes on to explain how Easter is a movable feast, as its date depends on both the solar and lunar calendars.
There were already a few competing methods used to calculate Easter in different parts of Christendom” (9.43).
All of this is essentially correct, though a bit of context is missing. Dionysius was seemingly contacted by the papal curia about the issue of Easter twice. In 525, he was tasked with translating the Alexandrian Easter tables, which he did, and to which he even appended a prefatory letter and a series of (translated) argumenta explaining the inner workings of the 19-year lunisolar cycle around which they revolved. Why did the papal curia need him? Because they were facing a bit of a crisis with the Easter calculations then in use in the Latin church, those that Victorius of Aquitaine had worked out at the time of Pope Leo, in 457. Though Victorius had also based his work on the Alexandrian tables, he had left a few problematic years in which, because of both technical issues and clashing liturgical traditions, he proposed two valid dates for Easter instead of one. The year 526 was one of these occasions, hence why Dionysius had to go back to the Alexandrian sources in 525. He was again questioned about the 19-year cycle the following year, providing his answer in another letter.
Dionysius had no great insights into calculating when Easter would be each year” (9.52)
Not really. We have no reason to think that Dionysius was not a competent computist. Sure, he was not original, but his letter showed that he understood the argumenta that he translated, though not all of them can be attributed to him (Warntjes, 2010).
“He basically just extended the work of some people in the bishopric of Alexandria … However, he did bring one innovation to the process: he came up with a new way of referring to the years” (9.55-10.15)
Yes, Dionysius did extend the Alexandrian table for the 95-years (19×5) period from 532 to 626 and changed the frame of reference for counting the years. As the podcast correctly narrates (10.16-11.00), the Alexandrian tables counted the years according to the so-called Era of the Martyrs which begins with the reign of Diocletianus in 284 AD and Dionysius did not want the last great persecutor of the Christians to be remembered. Having rejected this system, Dionysius decided to count the years from the Incarnation of Christ, which he indicated as 525 years before his time, thus inaugurating the AD system. The host comments:
By the way, Dionysius got it wrong, we now believe that Jesus was probably born about four to seven years earlier than Dionysius calculated … There have always been people who believed that Jesus was born earlier than the year Dionysius picked” (11.36-11.55)
The most recent studies, however, are inclined to question whether Dionysius actually came up with the new system all by himself. After all, he was translating and adapting the Alexandrian tradition for usage by the Latins, not doing original work. Is it not possible that the new system for counting years that he introduced was also something that he found in his Alexandrian sources? This is essentially the thesis of the most comprehensive study of the origins of the Christian Era by Alden A. Mosshammer and of a few competing theories such as that of Daniel P. McCarthy.
In the words of Mosshammer: “The general consensus of authorities earlier than Dionysius is that Jesus was born in the year corresponding to 2 or 3 BC … Most scholars have thought therefore that Dionysius did not follow an established tradition but generated his own date for the Nativity. Either he misinterpreted the evidence or he deliberately distorted it for reasons of his own. Some more recent scholars have thought that Dionysius did accept an already established date” (Mosshammer, 2008 p. 339-40). Mosshammer goes on to argue that the Christian era of Dionysius was a different take on the pre-existing Anno Mundi system adopted by Julius Africanus in the third-century AD. Regardless of whether one finds his arguments convincing (I personally am unsure, I really like McCarthy’s idea of an Eusebian origin for Anno Domini), the immense mole of data and theories that he collected, analysed and argued against, while writing his book leaves little doubt about whether Dionysius was the originator of the base-date of the AD system: he most likely was not, it is just a matter of finding his sources. Leofranc Holford-Strevens wrote illuminating words about Dionysius’s overall attitude towards his “new” dating system: “He does not explain or justify the underlying date, or even claim it for his own discovery but treats it as an unproblematic fact, corresponding to current knowledge or belief” (Blackburn & Holford-Strevens, 1999 p. 778).
So let see what our podcast has to say about the origins of this “new” system. How did Dionysius come up with his date, since the argument here is that it was something he invented by himself? Brace yourself, the real bombshell of bad history is about to hit.
So why did Dionysius pick a year [for Jesus’s birth] that was contradicted by his own Bible? Well, because of something decidedly non-Christian called the Great Year”. (12.15-12.26)
The Great Year? This is… unexpected. Leaving aside the fact that physical copies of what we would now call a Bible were likely not around in Dionysius’s time, where does this Great Year come from? When I first listened to this podcast, I started to think that I must have missed something major while studying this stuff, as I had no idea about the existence of a theory that argued that Dionysius derived his dating system from whatever a Great Year is. This, the host explains (12.26-14.10) is a confusing amalgamation of two separate astronomical facts. One is the theoretical notion, supposedly found in Plato, that there must exist one moment in time in which all the relevant elements of night sky (the visible planets, the moon, the sun, the ”moving” stars) complete their cyclical movement at the same time. The second element is the precession of the equinoxes, that is, movement of the axis around which Earth revolves on itself, which eventually results in the slow but visible shift of the circle of the Zodiac relative to the position of the sun during each equinox. According to the podcast the two notions “somehow got conflated, put together” (14.13). The Great Year is described as that period after which all things in the universe including the precession of the equinoxes, would cycle back to their starting position. At the time of Dionysius there was a belief that such Great Year was a period of 24000 years (14.51-15.10), and it was broken up into twelve ages of 2000 years each, corresponding to the sign of the Zodiac. Here the host goes on a tangent to remind us that the dawning of the Age of Aquarius was a thing among the hippies in the Seventies (15.10-15.41), which should have probably alerted him about the fact that this Great Year has a lot to do with astrological nonsense and little to do with the origins of the Anno Domini system.
Supposedly Dionysius had accurately calculated that there was going to be a conjunction of celestial bodies in what we now call the year 2000. Recognising it as the sign of the end of one of the twelve ages, he established the starting point of his dating system, associated with the birth of Jesus, exactly 2000 years before, so that Jesus would have been born at the beginning of the Age of Pisces and that the planetary conjunction that he had recognised would mark the beginning of the Age of Aquarius (15.41-16.35). He would have sacrificed chronological precision (Dionysius would have known that Jesus was likely born earlier than that), for the sake of his understanding of the Universe as dictated by ancient astrological knowledge. Now, don’t get me wrong, astrological notions such as these were perfectly valid tools of the astronomical sciences in Late Antiquity. It is plausible that someone like Dionysius was familiar with them, but there simply is no evidence to make the claim that they were this pivotal in his reworking of the reckoning of the years, which, it should be remembered was a minor adjunct to the Easter tables and probably not an original one at that.
So even though we call it Anno Domini, or in the year of Our Lord, it’s a mishmash of astronomical and astrological influences”. (16.38)
What to make of this? I had never heard about the Great Year having anything to do with our calendar. When I first listened to the podcast I was not sure, and in fact, I was afraid I had missed out something big while studying this stuff. I went back to my books (list in the bibliography) and found nothing about it. Googling about the Great Year and the Ages of the Zodiac led me to a plethora of websites for astrology nuts, but to nothing that might have been the academic source used by the podcast host. Finally, the Wikipedia page about Astronomical ages (link) provided with one relevant article by one Sepp Rothwangl (actually three articles are referenced, but two are anonymous and yielded nothing upon inspection) that might have been the source of the podcast’s claim about the Great Year. The article is referenced precisely in the section establishing a possible connection between the Astrological Ages and the Anno Domini.
The Wikipedia page had built up my hopes of having found something more substantial than what I heard in the podcast, because it mentions that Dionysius’s alteration of the year-reckoning system was supposed to stave off the End-of-the-World panic associated with year 500 AD. Let me explain why I found this interesting. There is a documented belief among early Christian authors that the Second Coming of Christ should coincide with the end of the sixth millennium of the Age of World. There were several attempts at establishing a general calendar of the world (Anno Mundi) and at placing the birth of Christ in this absolute chronological framework. Two of the most successful Anno Mundi system were that of Julius Africanus, which placed the birth of Christ in AM 5500 (and which is also related to Dionysius’s Anno Domini according to Mosshammer’s theory) and that of Eusebius, which placed the birth of Christ in AM 5200 (Palmer, 2014; Declerq, 2000). According to these systems the End-Times would have begun respectively in AD 500 and in AD 800. Richard Landes has suggested that written records, more specifically chronicles and dating clauses counting down the years leading up to one of these dates shows that Christian intellectuals begun to post-pone the date of the Apocalypse as calculated in these two system, switching first to Eusebius’s count when the year 500 approached and then to the Dionysian date of AD 1000 as soon as the year 800 was upon them (Landes, 1988). This theory has been under revision in recent years, with scholars questioning whether these records were actually indicative of widespread End-Times panic (Palmer, 2014; Warntjes 2018). I was looking forward to finding out if any other evidence had emerged that could help in the debate.
Unfortunately, I could not find the article cited by Wikipedia, but I was able to read another article on the same topic by the same author, Sepp Rothwangl, on his Researchgate page (Link). Alas there really was not much to it, no analysis of Dionysius work, no new connection with Julius Africanus, and the claim about Dionysius finding out about the year 2000 conjunction appears to be backed by no actual evidence. I will not engage with Rothwangl’s article at any length, mostly because I have no way to prove that it was the only source for u/Algenon_Asimov in our podcast. The one clear connection between the podcast and the article is the notion that Dionysius somehow predicted the conjunction in the year 2000. I will only say that, now armed with a name, I went back to Mosshammer’s book. To my surprise Mosshammer did address Sepp Rothwangl’s theory but his words are rather damning, and they reflect the opinion I had already formed by myself: “Rothwangl attributes to Dionysius both an astronomical knowledge and an interest in Millennialism for which there is no direct evidence” (Mosshammer, 2008, p. 355.)
So, if I am correct in detecting Rothwangl as a source, it would appear that, in order to explain the origins of the AD system, the podcast was relying not on mainstream academic works but on a fringe position. Not only that, but the only portion of the theory that does have connection with actual academic debates, the possible connection with millenarist ideas, was completely left out during the host’s explanation. Overall, not a good look for AskHistorians.
Now, onto the final section of the podcast, about which I have only one minor quibble: the host links the upsurge in popularity of the Anno Domini system with Bede’s writing of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People (17.50-19-25). While it is correct to say that his was the first book of history to make consistent use of the Christian Era, Bede’s major contribution to the popularity of the Anno Domini Era was his work on scientific chronology, or computus, specifically the short tract De Tempore and the longer and very well-received De Temporum Ratione. These were widely read during the so-called Carolingian Reinassance and were the decisive factor for having most other computists adopt to the Dionysian reckoning of years. Easter calculations might have been the appanage of “the darkness of monasteries and churches” (17.25), but they had massive influence on Christian society at large. A work of history, no matter how well-written and popular, would never have had the same influence on Christian intellectuals as a massive tract on the reckoning of times.
Now, If I may, a few words about this podcast in particular and AskHistorians in general.
It is all well and good reach out to non-historians and try to explain the whys and whens of past events and how our way to see the world came to be. It should be, in fact, one of the main preoccupations of academic historians, even though they are, in my opinion, more often than not rather neglectful of it. But, when necessary, it must be said that things are more complicated than they look and that questions that to a layman would appear trivial, are in fact nigh-impossible to be answered in full, even by experts, least of all by people, who like myself, try to discuss history on the Internet in their spare time.
“How did we decide what year it is?” is precisely one such question. It seems trivial but it is in fact asking to unravel the entire history of western scientific chronology. And this history has darker periods marked by lack of evidence. The origins of Dionysius are unfortunately still somewhat in the dark. As Philip Nothaft bluntly puts it: “The precise rationale for Dionysius’s equation of the 284th year of the Diocletian era with the year 532 from the incarnation has long puzzled modern scholars and will probably never be explained to everybody’s satisfaction” (Nothaft, 2011). I think that the correct thing to do in a situation in which an answer is still desirable would be to present the topic as still being debated, explain why, and then maybe explain what are the major competing theories about it. I daresay, that I would not have written this post if the podcast had at least mentioned that “the Great Year theory” was one of many about the origins of Anno Domini (though it is fringe and one of the most “out-there”, as far as I understand). Why did Algenon_Asimov decide to present it as the only answer? I cannot speak for him, but I do believe that it has to do with every historian’s reluctance to admit that a certain problem simply cannot be solved and not every question can get an exhaustive answer. It also probably helps that, for various reasons, “Christian thing turns out to have been a Pagan thing all along” is a tried and tested trope of anglophone pop-history. Sitting comfortably on it is a good way to quickly answer questions, but not a good way to explain history to the public. This episode of the AskHistorian podcast should not be on top of the subreddit FAQ about calendars and chronology. It does not give a clear idea of the academic consensus about the origins of the Christian Era and does a disservice to the otherwise excellent work usually found on Askhistorians.
Bibliography
Cassiodorus, Institutiones divinarum et saecularium litterarum, ed. R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford 1939); trans. James W. Halporn, Cassiodorus. Institutions of Divine and secular learning and On the Soul, Translated Texts for Historians 42 (Liverpool 2004).
Dionysius, Epistola ad Bonifatium et Bonum de Ratione Paschae and Argumenta Paschalia, ed. Bruno Krusch, Studien zur christlich-mittelalterlichen Chronologie: die Entstehung unserer heutigen Zeitrechnung I Victorius. Ersatz der fehlerhaften Ausgabe Mommsens in den M.G. II Dionysius Exiguus, der Begründer der christlichen Ära (Berlin, 1938), pp. 75-86.
Bonnie Blackburn & Leofranc Holford-Streven, The Oxford Companion to the year. An exploration of calendar customs and time reckoning (Oxford 1999)
Georges Declerq, Les origines de l’ère Chrétienne (Turnhout, 200)
Richard Landes, “The Fear of an Apocalyptic Year 1000: Augustinian Historiography, Medieval and Modern,” Speculum 75 (2000): 97-145; and the essays in The Apocalyptic Year 1000: Religious Expectation and Social Change, 950-1050, eds. Richard Landes, Andrew Gow, David C. van Meter (Oxford, 2003)
Daniel P. Mc Carthy, “The Emergence of Anno Domini,” in Time and Eternity: The Medieval Discourse, eds. Gerhard Jaritz and Gerson Moreno-Riaño (Turnhout, 2003), 31-53.
Alden A. Mosshammer, The Easter Computus and the origins of the Christian Era (Oxford, 2008)
C. Philip E. Nothaft, Dating the Passion. The life of Jesus and the emergence of scientific chronology (200-1600) Time Astronomy and Calendars 1 (Leiden/Boston, 2011)
James T. Palmer, The Apocalypse in the Early Middle Ages (Cambridge 2014)
Sepp Rothanwgl, “The Scythian Dionysius Exiguus and his invention of Anno Domini” (2016), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308654229_The_Scythian_Dionysius_Exiguus_and_His_Invention_of_Anno_Domini
Immo Warntjes, “The argumenta of Dionysius Exiguus and their early recensions”, in Computus and its cultural context in the Latin West, AD 300–1200. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Science of Computus in Ireland and Europe (eds) Immo Warntjes & Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (Turnhout 2010), 40–111
Immo Warntjes, “The final countdown and the reform of the liturgical calendar in the early Middle Ages”, in Apocalypse and reform from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (eds.) Matthew Gabriel & James T. Palmer (Abingdon 2018), 51-75.
The AskHistorians podcast episode 6, March 18th 2014
Wikipedia, s. v. Astrological Age https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrological_age
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2023.03.29 11:35 Herbiehanx [H] 12 is Better Than 6, The Golf Club 2019 ft. PGA Tour, WWE 2K Battlegrounds + Ultimate Brawlers Pass etc. [W] The Painscreek Killings, Thea: The Awakening & Thea 2: The Shattering, We Happy Few, Offers

Games I have for trade:
12 is Better Than 6 Anomaly Defenders MegaRace 2 Railroad Tycoon II Platinum Railroad Tycoon 3 Sid Meier's Railroads! The Golf Club™ 2019 featuring PGA TOUR WWE 2K Battlegrounds WWE 2K BATTLEGROUNDS - Ultimate Brawlers Pass

Games I want:
High priority:
Thea: The Awakening Thea 2: The Shattering The Painscreek Killings We Happy Few
Normal priority:
Agatha Christie - Hercule Poirot: The First Cases Battle Brothers Bravely Default II Conan Exiles Dishonored: Death of the Outsider Final Fantasy XIII-2 Final Fantasy XIII - Lightning Returns Green Hell Inscryption Journey To The Savage Planet Kenshi Lamplight City Medieval Dynasty Offers
Mainly interested in RPGs, point & click and adventure games (I don't own yet), but you can offer me anything. Willing to browse your lists if you have one.
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2023.03.29 04:59 saad85 Streamer shows off an update for a video game. Commenter gets angry about the flag in the background, saying it is a flag of murderers. Him and OP start a flamewar that dwarfs the rest of the comment thread.

Full Thread:
https://www.reddit.com/CompanyOfHeroes/comments/124xt9e/comment/je1g7yi/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

User BetterNotOrBetterYes accuses the streamer of having the flag of the "regime of a mass murderer". OP Essense4K states that the flag is actually a "thousands of years old" flag of Greater Iran, but it turns out that he does actually support the Pahlavi regime and will be buying their flag shortly.
Notable quote:
  • This isnt flag of Reza Pahlavis regime.
  • Ok, this is flag of Reza Pahlavis regime, but Reza Pahlavi wasnt a murderer.
  • Ok he was a murderer, but Reza Pahlavi killed only bad people.
  • Ok Reza Pahlavi killed few innocents by mistake, but he wasnt mass murderer, its all propaganda and lot of people are fans of him. <--- You are here.
  • Full retard mode

I have literally no understanding of the underlying politics at play here, I definitely don't know enough about the political history of Iran to understand the opinions being expressed.

I just know I've never seen two nerds pop off this hard about a flag before.

[EDIT] I started looking into it, and actually I do know a fair bit about this, these are pretty big events in recent world history. The OP has up the flag of Iran prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution when Iran was ruled by the last of a dynasty of Shahs, the Pahlavi dynasty. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi had instituted several forced 'modernization' initiatives known as the White Revolution to modernize Iran and more closely tie Iranian culture with western culture. This backfired when it actually ended up alienating a lot of Iranians. The Pahlavi dynasty were overthrown in 1979 and replaced by the current Islamic theocratic regime initially headed by Ruhollah Khomeini
Recently there has been a huge backlash in Iran against the strict religious government, as seen in videos of women refusing to wear the mandatory head coverings.
https://www.reddit.com/interestingasfuck/comments/zxdl55/more_footage_of_iranian_women_refusing_to_wea
https://www.reddit.com/nextfuckinglevel/comments/yqmu6h/iranian_women_supporting_each_other_for_breaking/
https://www.reddit.com/nextfuckinglevel/comments/xl0yb6/an_elderly_woman_in_iran_removes_the_headscarf/
Pretty neat for a flag fight.
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2023.03.29 00:00 ImaginaryDrawingsTwt An influent Brazilian economist became a heterodox economist influenced by David Graeber and alike and he is now delivering wrong economic history lectures to universities and writing this erros in books

André Lara Resende is one of the “fathers” of the very successful Plano Real, it successfully turned the hyperinflationary Brazilian economy in a stable one very quickly in the 90s (he was also one of the “fathers” of other failed plans, but still…).
Not much time ago, he became a heterodox economist, saying things like “economic orthodoxy is a failed ideology”. But I won’t talk about it, I will talk about his takes on the English Monetary History, and how it is completely wrong.
Why is it important? The current Lula's government has an economic team divided into two main sectors. One sector argues that the fiscal regime must have real limits and these limits must be respected. The other sector believes that the expansionary fiscal policy can be unlimited. The former is led by the former Minister of Education and current Minister of Economy, Fernando Haddad. The latter is led by the former Minister of Education and current President of the Brazilian Bank of Development, Aloizio Mercadante. Mercadante's intellectual guru is André Lara Resende, the main proponent of the unlimited expansionary fiscal regime.
In a lecture to the Institute of Economics of Unicamp, the second most important Brazilian university (behind USP only), André Lara Resende uses the English monetary history to substantiate his theory about the non-spontaneity of the currencies, seen first in his book Consenso e Contrassenso (Consensus and “Nonsense”, 2020):
Lecture to UNICAMP on YouTube, in Portuguese but with auto-generated English subtitles.
What is talked about in this class is basically what is talked about in his book:
Chapter 1: Currency, ideas, and politics
Currency as a public service
Roman coins circulated in England, as well as throughout the Roman Empire, until the end of the 6th century. With the withdrawal of the Romans, Britain's administrative and military structure was dismantled, and the English economy was demonetized. From the beginning of the 5th century to the end of the 7th century there was virtually no currency in circulation in England (Source: Robert Barro: Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?, Journal of Political Economy, n. 81, v. 6, 1974). Most Roman coins fell out of circulation. Worn out or hoarded, the remnants continued to circulate sparsely, and markets collapsed. The impact of monetary liquidity on material conditions and cultural production was dramatic. If we believe in currency as a creation of market needs, these would be the ideal conditions for the emergence of a local currency, but that is not what happened. Without a central authority capable of establishing the unit of account for recording transactions, trade declined, all demand disappeared, and there is no evidence of merchant activities until the end of the 7th century. According to Chris Wickham, “all forms of exchange, beyond the most rudimentary, must have ceased” (Source: David Graeber, Debt: The First 5000 Years. London: Melville House, 2011).
According to archaeological studies, reorganization in the Anglo-Saxon lands began at the end of the 6th century. At the beginning of the 8th century, with the reconstruction of political power and the consolidation of hierarchically more organized small kingdoms, units of account for pecuniary obligations were reintroduced, and trade flourished again. From the 11th century onwards, currency began to be regulated and institutionalized both in England and on the European continent. Governments then realized that they needed to introduce a more efficient means of collecting taxes and transferring resources. The oldest extant report from the English Treasury, from the late 12th century, states:
Currency is needed, not only in times of war, but also in times of peace. Because, in the first case, the revenues are spent on fortifying cities, paying soldiers’ salaries. When hostilities cease, weapons of war are laid aside, churches are built by pious princes, Christ is clothed and fed in the person of the poor, and the mammon of this world is distributed through other acts of charity (source: Edmund Phelps , “The Golden Rule of Accumulation: A Fable of Growthmen”, American Economic Review, v. 51, n. 4, 1961).
Despite the interest of the central power in the institution of money, for many years governments charged for its coinage. Having established the silver or gold content of each coin, anyone could take the metal to an authorized house and, subject to a discount on the contributed metal, leave with the officially minted legal tender coins. The discount, known as seigniorage, was supposed to cover the cost of the coinage and remunerate the government for the service rendered. Until today, when the currency is exclusively fiduciary, the government's gain with its issuance, on which no interest is levied, is called seigniorage. The public was willing to pay the seigniorage, the cost of minting plus a tribute, which could reach up to 5% of the metallic value minted, because the homogenization and regulation of currency was a highly valued service. The chronic illiquidity of the medieval European economy meant that coins almost always circulated at a premium over metallic value. When that premium was far above the cost of seigniorage, more metal was taken to be minted. After the sixteenth century, when the lack of liquidity had already been mitigated, in the rare moments when the rise in silver and gold prices made the coin's face value less than its metallic value, the pieces were melted down, thus creating a endogenous mechanism of expansion and contraction of the stock of physical money.
Medieval metallic coins were always subject to the problem of loss of metallic content, whether due to dishonest scraping or wear and tear of its use, which forced the authorities to remove them from circulation and replace them with new ones, in accordance with established norms for legal tender. The costs of currency renewal fell mostly on the holders of old coins. The premium on its metallic content, the cost of minting, as well as those of currency reforms, all borne for the most part by the public, is evidence of the high value of the service provided by the coin. The universal acceptance guaranteed by legal tender, by the fact of being accepted to settle tax debts and all kinds of official charges, is a public service for which society has always been willing to pay. The reference value and liquidity of the currency is vital for the functioning and expansion of markets. Rulers could charge for currency, which benefited both the government and the public, because illiquidity has always been a painful constraint on trade and all economic activity.
So, I would like to highlight his main points about the history of currency in England, so that we can see how, in fact, the English monetary history was.

Main Points

  1. Video: “Up to the 7th century, in England, circulated the metallic Roman coins”;
Book: “Roman coins circulated in England, as well as throughout the Roman Empire, until the end of the 6th century”.
  1. The coins ceased to circulate.
  2. Video: there was a complete collapse of economic activity in England;
Book: markets collapsed.
Implicitly, 4. Markets collapsed because of lack of currency.
  1. Video: the ideal situation for an economy that had already been a monetary economy to recreate a spontaneous currency;
Book: If we believe in currency as a creation of market needs, these would be the ideal conditions for the emergence of a local currency.
  1. Video: and none of that happened;
Book: but that is not what happened.
  1. Video: It was only from the 11th century onwards that there was a certain amount of centralization, it was during this period that money began to reappear, therefore, the crown started with the idea of creating an accounting system to collect taxes.
Book: From the 11th century onwards, currency began to be regulated and institutionalized both in England and on the European continent. Governments then realized that they needed to introduce a more efficient means of collecting taxes and transferring resources.

The first coins minted in England: coin in the British Iron Age

Although Lara Resende says that “it was from the 11th century that metallic coins began to be minted in England for the first time” (video), the first metallic coins minted in England actually date from pre-Roman times.
For better situational understanding, here is a modern map of the tribes that inhabited the British Isles before the Romans:
Image 1. Pre-Roman British islands
The Southern Britain, the region conquered by Rome, had several tribes and several of these tribes already had a monetary system. Take a look at some of the coins sold by the traditional Baldwin’s numismatic shop:
Image 2. Corieltauvi
Image 3. Iceni
Image 4. Trinovantes and Catuvellauni, it is presumed that, at some point, a tribe was suzerain of another tribe, causing a common coin to be produced in both tribes
Image 5. Belgae
Image 6. Dobunni
Image 7. Durotriges
Coins named “stater” were inspired by the Greek coins of the same name. Therefore, it can be said with a high degree of certainty that this region of southern Britain had a monetary system in pre-Roman times:
Image 8. Area of pre-Roman Britain with a monetary system
Damnonii
Image 9. Damnonii
A curious case, however, are the Dumnonii (Damnonii, depending on the author). Gaius Julius Solinus (c. 3rd century CE) points out in his book Polyhistor (c. 3rd century CE) that they lived in the ancient way, without the use of money, but on the basis of giving and accept and by exchange – which is a possible reference to a mutual gift and barter economy, one should not exclude the other.
§ 22.7 {9} This turbid strait also divides the island Silura from the shore which is held by the Dumnonii, a British tribe. The men of this island even now preserve an old custom: they do not use coins. They give and accept, obtaining the necessities of life by exchange rather than by money. They reverence gods, and the men and women equally declare knowledge of the future.
--------
Siluram quoque insulam ab ora quam gens Brittana Dumnonii tenent turbidum fretum distinguit. Cuius homines etiamnunc custodiunt morem uetustum: nummum refutant; dant res et accipiunt; mutationibus necessaria potius quam pretiis parant; deos percolunt; scientiam futurorum pariter uiri ac feminae ostentant

The economic decline of the 5th and 6th centuries

Was the British economic collapse of the 5th and 6th century caused by the absence of coins, or was the absence of coins caused by economic collapse?
Four points:
  1. Institutional crisis and the Anglo-Saxons;
  2. Bubonic plague;
  3. Natural disaster;
  4. Population decline.

1. Institutional crisis and the Anglo-Saxons

Given the extensive body of research on institutions and their role in promoting national prosperity, as well as the overwhelming support for this idea among leading economists such as Acemoglu, Coase, Ostrom, Williamson, and others, I believe that stressing the importance of institutions to a nation's success would be redundant.
However, it is important to note that after the abrupt departure of the Romans from British lands, the island experienced a profound institutional crisis. Moreover, Britannia began to receive people from different regions.
One of André Lara Resende's points is: as Britain was used to have a monetary system, it was natural that the same people — the Britons — would continue having a monetary system, which did not happen. First of all, it is important to note that the population of Anglo-Saxon England differed significantly from that of Roman Britain, with the arrival of the Angles and Saxons from the continent following the abrupt Roman departure, when the defenses were weakened. As a side note, the emergence of the King Arthur myth, wherein he, a Briton, defends Britannia against the Anglo-Saxons, can be traced back to this time in history.
Image 10. The new inhabitants of Great Britain

2. Bubonic plague, c. 525 —

Although not as well-known as the Black Death, the bubonic plague known as the Justinian Plague had a profound impact on Europe that lasted for centuries.
Image 11. Introductory article on the history of epidemics

3. Natural disaster: the volcanic winter of 536

In addition to the bubonic pandemic, the massive eruption of a volcano, likely located in Iceland, had far-reaching consequences. This event resulted in a significant cooling of the Northern Hemisphere, known as Late Antique Little Ice Age.
Image 12. Change in average global temperature
One of the most compelling documented of evidence — in addition to scientific analysis of volcanic activity — is the widespread reports of crop failures during this period, which likely contributed to a devastating famine across Europe.
The convergence of pandemic and natural disaster was so significant that many historians regard the 6th century AD as one of the most difficult times to be alive.
Image 13. Science: Why 536 was the 'the worst year to be alive'

4. European population decline

The impact of the combination of these disasters was so profound that it not only affected England, as noted by André Lara Resende, but also brought Europe as a whole to an economic collapse. The evidence of the continent-wide disaster is manifold, with one of the most striking being the precipitous decline in population, which was, at that time, closely linked to social breakdowns.
Image 14. European population decline in both bubonic plagues
Considering the array of factors that contributed to the economic collapse of England in the 5th and 6th centuries, it appears highly unlikely that the absence of local coinage played a decisive role. Rather, the delay in the appearance of local coinage can be more reasonably attributed to the general economic collapse that characterized both Britain and continental Europe during this era. It should be noted that the assertion put forward by Lara Resende on video that England only began to mint its own coinage in the 11th century is mistaken, as there is ample evidence of local coin production dating back to the 7th century.

Thrymsas and sceattas, the resurgence of British coins in the 7th century

Thrysmsas

In the early 7th century, the introduction of thrymsas marked the first instance of coin minting in England after the Roman era. These coins were modeled after the Roman tremissis, which is precisely what would happen if the theory of the spontaneity of coins were not false, according to André Lara Resende’s train of thought.
Image 15. Thrymsas

Sceattas (early pennies)

The sceattas, called by some scholars as “early pennies”, were the first silver coins minted in Anglo-Saxon England. In the 7th century, they completely replaced the production of gold coins (thrymsas). They were minted by several individuals and the extent of royal control over their production remains a topic of debate.
Some sceattas, for example, were produced by the Church and it is not clear what kind of control the kings of the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the time exercised over the “Coins of the Saints”, or even if there was any control at all.
On this subject, Professor Rory Naismith, a specialist in Early Medieval English monetary history, concludes:
Image 16. Money of the Saints
However, it is important to note that ecclesiastical coins only represented a fraction of the sceattas. In fact, there are several other examples of these coins dating back to at least the 7th century, long before the 11th century as previously suggested.
Image 17. Sceattas
While some sceattas feature the portrait of a king and his name, others bear only the name of the moneyer and a symbol, others display the name of the moneyer and the mint. The diversity of these coins was so great that it is unlikely that rigid centralized control existed during this period. The sceattas exhibit a remarkable variety of designs and inscriptions, which suggests that the production of these coins was largely decentralized and subject to the discretion of individual minters and merchants.

Penny

The lack of knowledge regarding thrymsas and sceattas is understandable, as their discoveries have been more recent (it has increased with the technological advancement of archeology) and their popularity is relatively low. However, it is surprising to ignore the penny, a currency that played a significant role in English history, and to claim that the first coin was only minted in England in the 11th century.
In effect, the penny was formalized as the currency of Mercia, an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, by the end of the 8th century through the reforms of King Offa, who centralized coin production and exercised stricter control over it.
It is worth noting that the reputable auction house Baldwin’s has sold several Anglo-Saxon pennies, dating back to before the 11th century, further emphasizing the long-standing presence of coinage in England.
Image 18. Pennies

Conclusion

The account of English currency history presented by André Lara Resende, one the greatest Brazilian economists, in his book Consenso e Contrassenso (2020) and his video lecture for the Institute of Economics of Unicamp (2021), contains several significant flaws that require reassessment. These flaws lead to erroneous conclusions and undermine the credibility of his work.
Therefore, the conclusions of the main points are:
Premise 1: “Up to the 7th century, in England, circulated the metallic Roman coins”, Premise 2: The coins ceased to circulate.
Correct. Following the disappearance of Roman coins from Anglo-Saxon England, imitations of Roman coins began to be produced (thrymsas).
Premise 3. “there was a complete collapse of economic activity in England”.
Correct. Not only in England, but all over Europe. The abrupt departure of the Romans from Britannia in the early 5th century and the subsequent invasion of the Angles and Saxons, who did not have a monetary economy, led to an institutional, social, and economic crisis in England. Additionally, the pandemic and volcanic winter of the 6th century caused a significant economic stagnation throughout Europe.
Conclusion 4. Markets collapsed because of lack of currency.
Unlikely. The collapse of markets and the rise of subsistence economies are better explained by the abrupt Roman exit, the Anglo-Saxon invasion, the Justinian Plague, and the Late Antique Little Ice Age.
Premise 5. If we believe in currency as a creation of market needs, these would be the ideal conditions for the emergence of a local currency.
Correct, the absence of currency creates the need for currency.
Conclusion 6. but that is not what happened.
Incorrect, several coins emerged in Anglo-Saxon England, contradicting the claim that there was a complete absence of currency during this period.
Conclusion 7. It was only from the 11th century onwards that there was a certain amount of centralization, it was during this period that money began to reappear, therefore, the crown started with the idea of creating an accounting system to collect taxes.
Incorrect. Thus, the idea that there was no local currency during Anglo-Saxon England, from the end of Roman Britain to the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, as basically purported by André Lara Resende, is factually incorrect.

References

Alessia Rovelli, Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages (Boston: Brill, 2018)
André Lara Resende, Consenso e Contrassenso: Por uma Economia Não Dogmática (Portfolio Penguin, 2020).


Anna Gannon, The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage: Sixth to Eighth Centuries (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)

Carlo M. Cipolla, The Fontana Economic History of Europe Volume I: The Middle Ages (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1972)

Kathryn A. Glatter e Paul Finkelman, History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19, Am J Med, 2021, Volume 134 (2): p. 176–181.
Rory Naismith, Medieval European Coinage 8: Britain and Ireland c. 400–1066 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Rory Naismith, Studies in Early Medieval Coinage 3: Sifting the Evidence (Spike Books, 2014)
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2023.03.28 23:13 clone33 Should there be more time-travel in Kang Dynasty?

Here's my question / theory...
I never read the comic book version of the Kang Dynasty, but have read up a couple times about it on Marvel Wiki and based on that, it doesn't appear to have any time-travel shenanigans in that particular story, other than the fact that Kang time-travels to our present to conquer Earth. I'm sure there are other stories involving Kang and the Avengers in some kind of time-travel adventure, so maybe Marvel Studios will combine some element of that into Kang Dynasty but...
... Isn't that Kang's big thing? Time-travel? He's a villain from the deep future who can time-travel. And even though Endgame introduced the MCU to that concept (so we've seen it recently), the Avengers really only traveled back to mostly recent years (the 1970s being most far back they went). What about an even BIGGER time-travel story? After all, this is what Kang is all about.
I have seen in comics where the Avengers once got sent back to medieval times and crossed paths with Morgan Le Fay and after looking it up, it seems what I was thinking of is Earth-398. Not a Kang time-travel story, but an interesting element that can be told with time-travel because it could involve Black Knight & Sersi who either have ties to that time period or lived it.
I don't know. Just riffing here. But what if during Kang Dynasty, Kang arrives to our present time with an army from the future to conquer Earth. But to do that, he sends most of the Avengers spiralling throughout time and they all get separated into 3 or 4 groups, each one landing in different time periods. Each group of Avengers then has to figure out a way back to the present and stop Kang from conquering Earth at that time.
Medieval times could be one of the time periods like I mentioned above.
World War II could be another one where the Avengers meet the Invaders (whom they didn't even know existed b/c it was a classified operation). They'd get reunited with Cap & Bucky from a different time. Could also use this as an excuse to work Namor into the story.
And then a 3rd time period could maybe be the future (as in the 30th Century) where another group of Avengers meet a young Kang / Iron Lad. Cassie could be in the group and this could set up their brief romance.
I'd also like to see some of the Avengers sent to Ancient Egypt to meet Rama Tut (Kang variant).
And while all this is going on, there could be a resistance of other heroes (maybe some Avengers that Kang overlooked) fighting Kang in the present tense.
All these different events could be cross cut together the way all the different story beats played out in Infinity War.
But they have to do something even bigger with time-travel to follow up Endgame -- especially because Kang is the main bad guy now in this saga. Wouldn't that be one of the most logical places to go before Secret Wars?
submitted by clone33 to MCUTheories [link] [comments]


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Pixross
Frick, Inc
Sunlight




TIER 0
Back 4 blood eu
Destiny 2 Planet of Peace Exclusive Emblem
Dirt Rally 2.0 + 3 DLC
F1 2012
F1 2019 Anniversary
Grand Theft Auto Vice City
Remnant from the Ashes
Road to Guangdong - Story-Based Indie Road Trip Driving Game
the wolf among us

TIER 1
Absolver
Bloodstained Ritual of the Night
borderlands Game of the year enhanced Edition
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection EU
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Darksiders genesis
Deep Rock Galactic
Doom Eternal
Duke Nukem Manhattan Project
DUSK
Elex
Endless Space 2 – Deluxe Edition
friday the 13th
Geometry Wars 3 Dimensions Evolved Mystery
Genital Jousting
Grid Autosport
Grid ultimate edition
Golf With Friends
GoNNER BLüEBERRY EDiTION
guild wars 2 heroic edition
guild wars nightfall
Hitman Absolution
House Flipper
Just cause 3 XXL
Kingdom Rush
Kerbal Space Program x 2
Legend Of Grimrock
Lego Marvel 2 Deluxe
Little Dragons Cafe
Mafia III: Definitive Edition
MAIN ASSEMBLY
Maneater
Mordhau
Orn the tiny forest sprite
Outward US x 2
Overcooked 2 + Surf and Turf + Too Many Cooks
pathfinder wrath
PGA TOUR 2k21 x 2
Phantasmagoria
Portal Knights
Pro cycling manager 2019
Project Cars
Project CARS 2 + Japanese Cars Bonus Pack
Risen
Sairento VR
Scum
Second Extinction
Sonic Forces
Spyro Reignited Trilogy x 2
Starbound
Star Trek Bridge Crew
State of Decay 2
streets of rogue
Summer in Mara
Superhot VR
Tales of Zestiria
Team Sonic Racing
Tekken 7
The Elder Scrolls IV Oblivion GOTY
The Division + DLC US
Tomb Raider GOTY
Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition
TRINE 2 Complete Story
TRINE 3 The Artifacts of Power
Tracks - The Train Set Game
WARHAMMER 40,000: Gladius- Relics of War
Warhammer 40000 : Mechanicus
Wasteland 2 Directors Cut
Wasteland 3
valkyria chronicles IV Complete
X-com 2


TIER 2
ABZU
Armello x 3
asterix obelix xxl3
Band of Defenders
batman arkham knight
Battle Chasers: Nightwar
Beyond Blue
BioShock Infinite
Book of Demons
CHAOS CODE -NEW SIGN OF CATASTROPHE-
Choice Chamber
Chess Ultra
Cities skylines
civilization IV Complete Edition
Civilization 5
Dead by Daylight
Death and Taxes
Degrees of Separation
Drake Hollow
Driftland: The Magic Revival x 2
Endless Space 2
Europa Universalis IV
eXperience 112
FEZ
Flying Tigers: Shadows Over China - Deluxe Edition
Forced
From Space
Gamedec
Gato Roboto
Golf With Friends
Gunman Tales
Hotshot Racing
human fall flat
Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1
Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition
Just Cause 3
Killing Floor 2
King's Bounty: Crossworlds
King’s Bounty: Warriors of the North - The Complete Edition
Last Oasis
Manhunt
Megadimension Neptunia VII
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 - War Chest Edition
METAL SLUG 3
Metro Last Light Redux
Miscreated
MO:Astray
Morphopolis
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Natural Selection 2
NecroWorm
Neo Cab
NEOVERSE
Not For Broadcast
Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty
Odyssey - The Story of Science
OF MICE AND SAND -REVISED-
One Step From Eden
Opus Magnum
Overcooked
Overgrowth
PATHOLOGIC 2
Pillars Of Eternity
Phoenix Point Year one edition
Planespace Torment Enhanced Edition
Plunge
Quantum League
Quest of Dungeons
Railroad tycoon 3
Rise of Industry
River City Melee Mach
Roarr! The Adventures of Rampage Rex
Sanctuary RPG: Black Edition
Scribblenauts Unmasked
Scythe Digital Edition
Serious Sam 3 BFE
Shadowrun: Dragonfall - Director's Cut
Shing!
Skullgirls
Sinking Island
Slinger VR
SNIPER GHOST WARRIOR CONTRACTS
snk anniversary
Sonic All Stars Transformed Collection
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Starbound
Star Wars Galactic Battlegrounds Saga
STAR WARS Jedi Knight - Jedi Academy
STAR WARS™ Jedi Knight II - Jedi Outcast
STAR WARS The Force Unleashed Ultimate Sith Edition
Star Wars Kotor 2
Star Wolves 3: Civil War
stick fight the game
Still There
Stronhold Crusader 2
Struggling
Styx Master of Shadows
SUPER TIME FORCE ULTRA
Surgeon Simulator: Experience Reality
SurrounDead
Surviving Mars x 2
Swords of Gurrah
Tannenberg
THE KING OF FIGHTERS XIII STEAM EDITION
The Technomancer
tilt brush
Titan Quest Anniversary Edition
The Bard’s Tale IV: Director’s Cut
The Beast Inside
The Gardens Between
The Incredible Adventures of Van Hesing
the long dark survival Edition
The Stillness of the Wind
The Swords of Ditto: Mormo’s Curse
The town of light
The walking dead the new frontier
The Wild Eight
Train Valley 2
Trüberbrook
Tropico 5
Tsioque
Unto The End
Valfaris
Voidship: The Long Journey
volcanoids
Wargroove
WARSAW
West of Dead x 2
Wizard Of Legends x 3
Worms Clan Wars
Without Within 3
XCOM: Chimera Squad
Yooka Laylee
Zwei: The Arges Adventure
Zwei: The Ilvard Insurrection


TIER 3
112 Operator
911 Operator
Acorn Assault: Rodent Revolution
Ageless
AI War 2
Alan Wake's American Nightmare
Alien Shooter 2 Conscription
Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
Amnesia: The Dark Descent
angry video game nerd
Arcana Hearts 3
Armada 2526 Gold Edition
arma X
As Far As The Eye
Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation
Atari Vault
AVEN COLONY
Before we Leave
Belladonna
BLACKHOLE
Blitzkrieg Anthology
Boomerang Fu
Bomber Crew - Deluxe Edition
Boreal Blade
Borealis
Bridge Constructor Playground
Broken Age x 3
Brothers – A Tale of Two Sons
Bunker Punks
Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood
Cally's caves 3
Callys Caves 4
Capitalism 2
Carmageddon Max Damage
Cast of the Seven Godsends
Cepheus Protocol
Chaos Reborn
City Siege: Faction Island
COLT CANYON
Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
Crazy Belts
crazy machines 3
Creeping Terror
Crowntakers
Crying Suns
CTU: Counter Terrorism Unit
Cybarian: The Time Travelling Warrior
Cyber Hook
Dad Quest x 2
Dark Heritage: Guardians of Hope
Darkness Within 2: The Dark Lineage
Darksiders Warmastered Edition
Dark Strokes The Legend of the Snow Kingdom Collectors Edition
Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
Death to Spies: Moment of Truth
Death Squared
DESOLATE
Detached
Deus Ex: Invisible War
Dimension Drifter
Distrust : Polar Survival
Double Dragon IV
Draw Slasher
Duke Nukem Forever x 2
Dungeons 3
Dungeon Siege II
DV: Rings of Saturn
EarthNight
EarthX
Eliza
Enforcer: Police Crime Action
ENSLAVED™: Odyssey to the West™ Premium Edition
Epistory - Typing Chronicles
Etherborn
Etherlords I & II
Evergarden
evoland
F1 2018
Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Remastered
Farming World
Fire
Fort Triumph
Fury Unleashed x 2
Garfield Kart
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Goat simulator
Golf Gang
God's Trigger
Go Home Dinosaurs
Going Under
Gone Home + Original Soundtrack
Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan
GRIP: Combat Racing
Guilty Gear Sign
Gunscape Standard Edition
Hacknet + DLC
Heaven’s Vault
Heavy Burger
Heroes of Annihilated Empires
Hexologic
Hidden Object Bundle 5 in 1
Hidden Object 6in1 bundle
Hive Jump
Hopiko
HORACE
Hue
Hyperspace Invaders II: Pixel Edition
In Between
Innerspace
INMOST
Inside My Radio
Iris and the Giant
Iron Fisticle
John Wick
Just Die Already
ken follet
Kingdom: Classic
King Oddball
Knights of Pen & Paper 2
Knight's Retreat
Labyronia RPG
Labyronia RPG 2
Laser Disco Defenders
Leisure Suit Larry 7 - Love for Sail
Lemuria Lost in Space
Levelhead
LIBERATED
Little Misfortune
Livelock
Lostwinds
Lovecraft’s Untold Stories
Lust from Beyond: M Edition
Lust for Darkness
Luxor 3
Mages of Mystralia
Magrunner: Dark Pulse
Masquerade: The Baubles of Doom
Medieval Kingdom Wars
Mini Ninjas
MirrorMoon EP
Monaco: What’s Yours Is Mine
Moon Hunters
MotoGP 15
Morkredd
MOUNT & BLADE
MXGP - The Official Motocross Videogame
My Memory of Us
Mystery Loss
Narcos: Rise of the Cartels
Nba Playgrounds
Neon Chrome
Newt One
Nex Machina
Neverending Nightmares
Neverout
Niffelheim
Night Call
Nowhere Prophet
Odallus: The Dark Call
Of Orcs And Men
Offworld Trading Company + Jupiter's Forge Expansion Pack
Omen Exitio: Plague
Orbital Racer
Out of Space
Overload
Overlord II x 2
Pac-Man 256
PAC-MAN™ CHAMPIONSHIP EDITION 2
Paper Fire Rookie
Paperbark
Paradigm
Particula
Pathway
Pawnbarian
Payday 2
Peaky Blinders: Mastermind
Perfect Universe
Pesterquest
Pickers
Pikuniku
Pirate Pop Plus
Pixel Heroes
Pixplode
Planet Alpha
Planet of the Eyes
Police Stories
port royale 3 gold
Post Master
POPUP DUNGEON
Prehistoric Tales
Quantum Conundrum
Radio Commander
Rapture Rejects
Rebel Galaxy
red orchestra 2
Re-Legion
REMOTHERED: BROKEN PORCELAIN
Remnants of Naezith
RESIDENT EVIL HD
Rezrog
Retimed
Ring of Pain
Road Redemption
ROCK OF AGES 3: MAKE & BREAK
Röki
Roombo: First Blood
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RRRR
Rustler
Sakura Agent
Sakura Angels
Sakura Beach
Sakura Beach 2
Sakura Fantasy
Sakura Magical Girls
Sakura Shrine Girls
Sakura Spirit
Samorost 3
Serial Cleaner
Seven enchanted edition
Sigma Theory: Global Cold War
SIMULACRA + SIMULACRA 2
Sins Of The Demon
Shadowrun Hong Kong Extended Edition
Shoppe Keep
Shoppe Keep 2
Smile For Me
SKULLY
Smoke and Sacrifice
Sonic & SEGA All-Stars Racing
Soulblight
Space Pilgrim Academy: Reunion
space run galaxy
Speedrunners
Spellspire
S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky
StarCrossed
State of mind
Stealth 2: A Game of Clones
Stealth Bastard Deluxe x 2
Steamburg
Still Life 2
Storm Of Spears
Strider
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Sudden Strike 4
Sundered
Super Hexagon
Supraland
Super Mutant Alien Assault
Super Panda Adventures
Swag and Sorcery
Syberia
Syberia II
Syberia 3
System Shock: Enhanced Edition
Tabletop Playground
Tales from Candlekeep: Tomb of Annihilation
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Telefrag VR
Teslagrad
Testament of Sherlock Holmes
Time Mysteries 3: The Final Enigma
The Amazing American Circus
Tharsis
The Ball
The Deed
The dropping of the dead
The Dwarves
The Hex
The King's Bird
The Last Door: Season 2 - Collector's Edition
The Lost Crown
The Purring Quest
There Came An Echo
The Haunted Island, A Frog Detective Game
The Signal From Tölva
Think of the Children
This War of Mine
ToeJam & Earl Back in the Groove
Tomb Raider IV: The Last Revelation
Tomb Raider V: Chronicles
Tomb Raider Legend
Tomb Raider Underworld
Tooth and Tail
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator
Tropico 4
Turok 2: Seeds of Evil
Underhero
Unrest
Valnir Rok Survival RPG
Vane
Velocity Ultra Deluxe
Vertiginous Golf
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
Wanderlust: Travel Stories
Wandersong
warlock 2
war tech fighters
Werewolf: The Apocalypse — Heart of the Forest
Without Within 2
Whispers of a machine
Wings of Vi
Yoku's Island Express
Youropa
Zoo Park


TIER 4
Acceleration of SUGURI 2
Age of Wonders III
Alien Spidy
Almost There: The Platformer
Angvik
A New Beginning – Final Cut
AtmaSphere
Battle vs chees
Circuit Breakers
Corridor Z
CreaVures
Cubicle Quest
Dagon – The Eldritch Box DLC
Dashing Dinos
Death Fungeon
Drawful 2
DungeonUp x 2
Earth 2150 Trilogy
Enclave
Endless Space – Collection
Evergarden
Formula Car Racing
Fluffy Horde
Gorky 17
Guts And Glory
Hacknet Deluxe Edition
Haegemonia: The Solon Heritage
HIVESWAP: Act 1
Holy Potatoes a Spy Story
Homefront
Horizon Shift
Joggernauts
Journey of a Roach
Learn Japanese to survive Hiragana Battle
Left in the Dark: No One on Board
Leisure Suit Larry 5 - Passionate Patti Does a Little Undercover Work
Leisure Suit Larry 6 - Shape Up Or Slip Out
Little Racers STREET
Lock Parsing 2
Love is Dead
Midnight Mysteries 3: Devil on the Mississippi
Memoria
Moss Destruction
NAIRI: Tower of Shirin
NeuroVoider
No Time to Explain Remastered
One Finger Death Punch
OneShift
Out of Reach: Treasure Royale
Pesterquest
Purrfect Date – Visual Novel/Dating Simulator
Raceland
Regions Of Ruin
Regular Human Basketball x 2
Rencounter
Renoir
Return to Mysterious Island
Resort Boss: Golf
Rym 9000
Seraph
Shooting Stars!
Silence
Sky Break
Space Pilgrim Episode III: Delta Pavonis
Space Pilgrim Episode IV: Sol
Spandex Force: Champion Rising
Steel Rats
Super Daryl Deluxe
Sword Legacy Omen
Taxi
The Adventure Pals x 3
The Deed: Dynasty
The Emerald Maiden: Symphony of Dream
The Spiral Scouts
The Uncertain - The Last Quiet Day
Tiny Troopers
ttv2
Twilight City Love as a Cure
Two Worlds: Epic Edition
Tumblestone
Unhack
Unhack 2
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
White Noise Online
World Keepers Last Resort
Zombie Party x 2
submitted by marcoxnt93 to indiegameswap [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 19:48 Particular-Wedding Challenge: Expand the Byzantine Empire Under Emperor Leo III

The man who would become the savior of the Byzantines came from humble backgrounds. He was a common soldier who worked his way through the ranks and eventually became emperor in a bloodless coup (a rarity for the time).
Leo III was a fervently devout Christian Arab who founded the Isaurian dynasty. He was fluent in Arabic, Greek, Latin, Bulgarian, Armenian, and various other regional languages. Nicknamed the "fox" for his cunning and Sun Tzu style way of waging war, Leo repeatedly faced enemies who outnumbered his forces many times over but used deception, diplomacy, bribery, and other methods to emerge victorious.
Feats:
-While commander of a town, he convinced the besieging Arab Muslim army that he would convert if they gave him gold and weapons. He did not.
a) Later in the siege, he used his ethnicity and language skills to persuade them to also give him their food stores as a sign of trust. He still did not.
b)Eventually, the frustrated enemy general attacked but lost due to a lack of sufficient rations and weapons.
-Persuaded the ruling emperor, Anasastius II, to retire peacefully in a monastery if he would turn over the Empire to him. He marched his troops around the emperor's hunting preserve in a circle to give the impression he had many more men than he really did.
-Defended Constantinople from the Second Siege. The enemy general, Abd al-Malik, angrily remembered the deceptions and humiliation he had suffered previously. This time, Abd al-Malik sent a fleet to take Constantinople from the sea while he would lead them by land.
a) Leo III anticipated this move and arranged to place spies among the largely Christian Arab sailors. Many revolted and turned their ships over to the Byzantines. The Byzantines who previously lacked a sufficient navy suddenly had a lot more ships than before. Leo III sent a thank you note to the enemy commanders which demoralized them.
b) The remaining Muslim crewed ships were destroyed by Leo's new methodology of refitting Greek fire catapaults and ballista on the revamped Byzantine navy. This medieval terror weapon could not be put out by water and its effect on enemy morale was distressing to say the least.
Edit - he also placed primitive flamethrower like devices along the walls crewed by volunteers to repel siege ladders and engines. They were spaced far apart for obvious reasons.
c) Persuaded the pagan Bulgars to attack the besieging Arab army's supply lines and their rear.
d) The Arab Muslim army finally lifted the siege and many boarded the few remaining ships to take them home. On its return journey, an underwater volcano erupted which triggered a tsunami that sank most of the Arab ships. Leo III made sure to use widespread propaganda to claim this was the wrath of God made manifest and stabilize his rule.
-Crushed a rebellion in Sicily and a potential coup by army officers to restore the former emperor who was having second thoughts about his exile.
-Married his son to the pagan Khazar tribe and began the process of converting them to Orthodox Christianity. This also bought peace along the northern borders.
-Reconquered northern Syria and Lebanon from the Caliphate.
-At the time of his death, he was planning on reconquering Egypt, Israel, and southern Italy.
Mistakes:
Due to his exposure to Islam from an early age, Leo did not believe in the use of idols or imagery depicting famous figures like saints, prophets, or Jesus. Islam also does not believe in the use of images or other depictions of Mohammed or other figures believing that people will worship the figures instead of the ideals. He ordered an inquisition which split the Empire along rival factions. His efforts extended beyond Orthodox Christian icons to sweep up Roman Catholics. This move antagonized the Catholic Church and would sow the foundations for the Schism.
Leo also ordered his religious police to forcibly convert and conscript Jews into the army who remained a vital part of the empire. Many would decide to move to the Caliphate where they could continue to live as they were w/o these restrictions. They would bring vital intelligence w/them that would later undermine the empire.
Poor diet, Leo went from living the frugal life of a campaigning soldier to the life of luxury that befitted a Roman Emperor. He suffered from crippling gout, then called the rich man's disease, due to his diet of fatty red meat and processed sugars. His feet became swollen and he ended his later years unable to stand or even walk w/o the use of a cane. It is said by some historians that he used narcotic painkillers such as opiates which may have influenced his thinking and religious zealotry given the state of medical science back then.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-III
submitted by Particular-Wedding to HistoryWhatIf [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 19:36 marcoxnt93 [H] Humble Turkiye Syria Leftovers and a lot games [W] Offers

Humble Turkiye-Syria Earthquake Relief Bundle leftovers

Ticket to Ride
Strange Brigade
System Shock Enhanced Edition
Pilgrims
Flynn: Son of Crimson
Into the Pit
Worms Rumble
Backbone
119 Operator
211 Operator
Calico
X-Morph: Defense Complete Pack
Zombie Driver HD Complete Edition
Space Crew: Legendary Edition
Monaco
Death Squared
Lust from Beyond – M Edition
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Remnants of Naezith
Planet TD
Firegirl: Hack 'n Splash Rescue DX
XEL
Little Orpheus
Detached: Non-VR Edition
Agent in Depth
Meow Express
Arcade Spirits
Non-Stop Raiders
The Inner World
The Amazing American Circus
Soulblight
Stacking
Hack 'n’ Slash
MirrorMoon EP
Cosmic Express
Cris Tales
Orbital Racer
Symmetry
Guilty Gear X2 #Reload
Alchemist’s Castle
Soul Searching
Doughlings: Arcade
Doughlings: Invasion
Quadrata
Rym 9000
stikir
Cats and the Other Lives
Soulflow
Izmir: An Independence Simulator
Guns & Fishes
Pill Baby
Project Chemistry
Pixross
Frick, Inc
Sunlight




TIER 0
Back 4 blood eu
Destiny 2 Planet of Peace Exclusive Emblem
Dirt Rally 2.0 + 3 DLC
F1 2012
F1 2019 Anniversary
Grand Theft Auto Vice City
Remnant from the Ashes
Road to Guangdong - Story-Based Indie Road Trip Driving Game
the wolf among us

TIER 1
Absolver
Bloodstained Ritual of the Night
borderlands Game of the year enhanced Edition
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection EU
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Darksiders genesis
Deep Rock Galactic
Doom Eternal
Duke Nukem Manhattan Project
DUSK
Elex
Endless Space 2 – Deluxe Edition
friday the 13th
Geometry Wars 3 Dimensions Evolved Mystery
Genital Jousting
Grid Autosport
Grid ultimate edition
Golf With Friends
GoNNER BLüEBERRY EDiTION
guild wars 2 heroic edition
guild wars nightfall
Hitman Absolution
House Flipper
Just cause 3 XXL
Kingdom Rush
Kerbal Space Program x 2
Legend Of Grimrock
Lego Marvel 2 Deluxe
Little Dragons Cafe
Mafia III: Definitive Edition
MAIN ASSEMBLY
Maneater
Mordhau
Orn the tiny forest sprite
Outward US x 2
Overcooked 2 + Surf and Turf + Too Many Cooks
pathfinder wrath
PGA TOUR 2k21 x 2
Phantasmagoria
Portal Knights
Pro cycling manager 2019
Project Cars
Project CARS 2 + Japanese Cars Bonus Pack
Risen
Sairento VR
Scum
Second Extinction
Sonic Forces
Spyro Reignited Trilogy x 2
Starbound
Star Trek Bridge Crew
State of Decay 2
streets of rogue
Summer in Mara
Superhot VR
Tales of Zestiria
Team Sonic Racing
Tekken 7
The Elder Scrolls IV Oblivion GOTY
The Division + DLC US
Tomb Raider GOTY
Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition
TRINE 2 Complete Story
TRINE 3 The Artifacts of Power
Tracks - The Train Set Game
WARHAMMER 40,000: Gladius- Relics of War
Warhammer 40000 : Mechanicus
Wasteland 2 Directors Cut
Wasteland 3
valkyria chronicles IV Complete
X-com 2


TIER 2
ABZU
Armello x 3
asterix obelix xxl3
Band of Defenders
batman arkham knight
Battle Chasers: Nightwar
Beyond Blue
BioShock Infinite
Book of Demons
CHAOS CODE -NEW SIGN OF CATASTROPHE-
Choice Chamber
Chess Ultra
Cities skylines
civilization IV Complete Edition
Civilization 5
Dead by Daylight
Death and Taxes
Degrees of Separation
Drake Hollow
Driftland: The Magic Revival x 2
Endless Space 2
Europa Universalis IV
eXperience 112
FEZ
Flying Tigers: Shadows Over China - Deluxe Edition
Forced
From Space
Gamedec
Gato Roboto
Golf With Friends
Gunman Tales
Hotshot Racing
human fall flat
Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1
Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition
Just Cause 3
Killing Floor 2
King's Bounty: Crossworlds
King’s Bounty: Warriors of the North - The Complete Edition
Last Oasis
Manhunt
Megadimension Neptunia VII
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 - War Chest Edition
METAL SLUG 3
Metro Last Light Redux
Miscreated
MO:Astray
Morphopolis
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Natural Selection 2
NecroWorm
Neo Cab
NEOVERSE
Not For Broadcast
Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty
Odyssey - The Story of Science
OF MICE AND SAND -REVISED-
One Step From Eden
Opus Magnum
Overcooked
Overgrowth
PATHOLOGIC 2
Pillars Of Eternity
Phoenix Point Year one edition
Planespace Torment Enhanced Edition
Plunge
Quantum League
Quest of Dungeons
Railroad tycoon 3
Rise of Industry
River City Melee Mach
Roarr! The Adventures of Rampage Rex
Sanctuary RPG: Black Edition
Scribblenauts Unmasked
Scythe Digital Edition
Serious Sam 3 BFE
Shadowrun: Dragonfall - Director's Cut
Shing!
Skullgirls
Sinking Island
Slinger VR
SNIPER GHOST WARRIOR CONTRACTS
snk anniversary
Sonic All Stars Transformed Collection
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Starbound
Star Wars Galactic Battlegrounds Saga
STAR WARS Jedi Knight - Jedi Academy
STAR WARS™ Jedi Knight II - Jedi Outcast
STAR WARS The Force Unleashed Ultimate Sith Edition
Star Wars Kotor 2
Star Wolves 3: Civil War
stick fight the game
Still There
Stronhold Crusader 2
Struggling
Styx Master of Shadows
SUPER TIME FORCE ULTRA
Surgeon Simulator: Experience Reality
SurrounDead
Surviving Mars x 2
Swords of Gurrah
Tannenberg
THE KING OF FIGHTERS XIII STEAM EDITION
The Technomancer
tilt brush
Titan Quest Anniversary Edition
The Bard’s Tale IV: Director’s Cut
The Beast Inside
The Gardens Between
The Incredible Adventures of Van Hesing
the long dark survival Edition
The Stillness of the Wind
The Swords of Ditto: Mormo’s Curse
The town of light
The walking dead the new frontier
The Wild Eight
Train Valley 2
Trüberbrook
Tropico 5
Tsioque
Unto The End
Valfaris
Voidship: The Long Journey
volcanoids
Wargroove
WARSAW
West of Dead x 2
Wizard Of Legends x 3
Worms Clan Wars
Without Within 3
XCOM: Chimera Squad
Yooka Laylee
Zwei: The Arges Adventure
Zwei: The Ilvard Insurrection


TIER 3
112 Operator
911 Operator
Acorn Assault: Rodent Revolution
Ageless
AI War 2
Alan Wake's American Nightmare
Alien Shooter 2 Conscription
Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
Amnesia: The Dark Descent
angry video game nerd
Arcana Hearts 3
Armada 2526 Gold Edition
arma X
As Far As The Eye
Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation
Atari Vault
AVEN COLONY
Before we Leave
Belladonna
BLACKHOLE
Blitzkrieg Anthology
Boomerang Fu
Bomber Crew - Deluxe Edition
Boreal Blade
Borealis
Bridge Constructor Playground
Broken Age x 3
Brothers – A Tale of Two Sons
Bunker Punks
Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood
Cally's caves 3
Callys Caves 4
Capitalism 2
Carmageddon Max Damage
Cast of the Seven Godsends
Cepheus Protocol
Chaos Reborn
City Siege: Faction Island
COLT CANYON
Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
Crazy Belts
crazy machines 3
Creeping Terror
Crowntakers
Crying Suns
CTU: Counter Terrorism Unit
Cybarian: The Time Travelling Warrior
Cyber Hook
Dad Quest x 2
Dark Heritage: Guardians of Hope
Darkness Within 2: The Dark Lineage
Darksiders Warmastered Edition
Dark Strokes The Legend of the Snow Kingdom Collectors Edition
Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
Death to Spies: Moment of Truth
Death Squared
DESOLATE
Detached
Deus Ex: Invisible War
Dimension Drifter
Distrust : Polar Survival
Double Dragon IV
Draw Slasher
Duke Nukem Forever x 2
Dungeons 3
Dungeon Siege II
DV: Rings of Saturn
EarthNight
EarthX
Eliza
Enforcer: Police Crime Action
ENSLAVED™: Odyssey to the West™ Premium Edition
Epistory - Typing Chronicles
Etherborn
Etherlords I & II
Evergarden
evoland
F1 2018
Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Remastered
Farming World
Fire
Fort Triumph
Fury Unleashed x 2
Garfield Kart
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Goat simulator
Golf Gang
God's Trigger
Go Home Dinosaurs
Going Under
Gone Home + Original Soundtrack
Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan
GRIP: Combat Racing
Guilty Gear Sign
Gunscape Standard Edition
Hacknet + DLC
Heaven’s Vault
Heavy Burger
Heroes of Annihilated Empires
Hexologic
Hidden Object Bundle 5 in 1
Hidden Object 6in1 bundle
Hive Jump
Hopiko
HORACE
Hue
Hyperspace Invaders II: Pixel Edition
In Between
Innerspace
INMOST
Inside My Radio
Iris and the Giant
Iron Fisticle
John Wick
Just Die Already
ken follet
Kingdom: Classic
King Oddball
Knights of Pen & Paper 2
Knight's Retreat
Labyronia RPG
Labyronia RPG 2
Laser Disco Defenders
Leisure Suit Larry 7 - Love for Sail
Lemuria Lost in Space
Levelhead
LIBERATED
Little Misfortune
Livelock
Lostwinds
Lovecraft’s Untold Stories
Lust from Beyond: M Edition
Lust for Darkness
Luxor 3
Mages of Mystralia
Magrunner: Dark Pulse
Masquerade: The Baubles of Doom
Medieval Kingdom Wars
Mini Ninjas
MirrorMoon EP
Monaco: What’s Yours Is Mine
Moon Hunters
MotoGP 15
Morkredd
MOUNT & BLADE
MXGP - The Official Motocross Videogame
My Memory of Us
Mystery Loss
Narcos: Rise of the Cartels
Nba Playgrounds
Neon Chrome
Newt One
Nex Machina
Neverending Nightmares
Neverout
Niffelheim
Night Call
Nowhere Prophet
Odallus: The Dark Call
Of Orcs And Men
Offworld Trading Company + Jupiter's Forge Expansion Pack
Omen Exitio: Plague
Orbital Racer
Out of Space
Overload
Overlord II x 2
Pac-Man 256
PAC-MAN™ CHAMPIONSHIP EDITION 2
Paper Fire Rookie
Paperbark
Paradigm
Particula
Pathway
Pawnbarian
Payday 2
Peaky Blinders: Mastermind
Perfect Universe
Pesterquest
Pickers
Pikuniku
Pirate Pop Plus
Pixel Heroes
Pixplode
Planet Alpha
Planet of the Eyes
Police Stories
port royale 3 gold
Post Master
POPUP DUNGEON
Prehistoric Tales
Quantum Conundrum
Radio Commander
Rapture Rejects
Rebel Galaxy
red orchestra 2
Re-Legion
REMOTHERED: BROKEN PORCELAIN
Remnants of Naezith
RESIDENT EVIL HD
Rezrog
Retimed
Ring of Pain
Road Redemption
ROCK OF AGES 3: MAKE & BREAK
Röki
Roombo: First Blood
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RRRR
Rustler
Sakura Agent
Sakura Angels
Sakura Beach
Sakura Beach 2
Sakura Fantasy
Sakura Magical Girls
Sakura Shrine Girls
Sakura Spirit
Samorost 3
Serial Cleaner
Seven enchanted edition
Sigma Theory: Global Cold War
SIMULACRA + SIMULACRA 2
Sins Of The Demon
Shadowrun Hong Kong Extended Edition
Shoppe Keep
Shoppe Keep 2
Smile For Me
SKULLY
Smoke and Sacrifice
Sonic & SEGA All-Stars Racing
Soulblight
Space Pilgrim Academy: Reunion
space run galaxy
Speedrunners
Spellspire
S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky
StarCrossed
State of mind
Stealth 2: A Game of Clones
Stealth Bastard Deluxe x 2
Steamburg
Still Life 2
Storm Of Spears
Strider
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Sudden Strike 4
Sundered
Super Hexagon
Supraland
Super Mutant Alien Assault
Super Panda Adventures
Swag and Sorcery
Syberia
Syberia II
Syberia 3
System Shock: Enhanced Edition
Tabletop Playground
Tales from Candlekeep: Tomb of Annihilation
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Telefrag VR
Teslagrad
Testament of Sherlock Holmes
Time Mysteries 3: The Final Enigma
The Amazing American Circus
Tharsis
The Ball
The Deed
The dropping of the dead
The Dwarves
The Hex
The King's Bird
The Last Door: Season 2 - Collector's Edition
The Lost Crown
The Purring Quest
There Came An Echo
The Haunted Island, A Frog Detective Game
The Signal From Tölva
Think of the Children
This War of Mine
ToeJam & Earl Back in the Groove
Tomb Raider IV: The Last Revelation
Tomb Raider V: Chronicles
Tomb Raider Legend
Tomb Raider Underworld
Tooth and Tail
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator
Tropico 4
Turok 2: Seeds of Evil
Underhero
Unrest
Valnir Rok Survival RPG
Vane
Velocity Ultra Deluxe
Vertiginous Golf
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
Wanderlust: Travel Stories
Wandersong
warlock 2
war tech fighters
Werewolf: The Apocalypse — Heart of the Forest
Without Within 2
Whispers of a machine
Wings of Vi
Yoku's Island Express
Youropa
Zoo Park


TIER 4
Acceleration of SUGURI 2
Age of Wonders III
Alien Spidy
Almost There: The Platformer
Angvik
A New Beginning – Final Cut
AtmaSphere
Battle vs chees
Circuit Breakers
Corridor Z
CreaVures
Cubicle Quest
Dagon – The Eldritch Box DLC
Dashing Dinos
Death Fungeon
Drawful 2
DungeonUp x 2
Earth 2150 Trilogy
Enclave
Endless Space – Collection
Evergarden
Formula Car Racing
Fluffy Horde
Gorky 17
Guts And Glory
Hacknet Deluxe Edition
Haegemonia: The Solon Heritage
HIVESWAP: Act 1
Holy Potatoes a Spy Story
Homefront
Horizon Shift
Joggernauts
Journey of a Roach
Learn Japanese to survive Hiragana Battle
Left in the Dark: No One on Board
Leisure Suit Larry 5 - Passionate Patti Does a Little Undercover Work
Leisure Suit Larry 6 - Shape Up Or Slip Out
Little Racers STREET
Lock Parsing 2
Love is Dead
Midnight Mysteries 3: Devil on the Mississippi
Memoria
Moss Destruction
NAIRI: Tower of Shirin
NeuroVoider
No Time to Explain Remastered
One Finger Death Punch
OneShift
Out of Reach: Treasure Royale
Pesterquest
Purrfect Date – Visual Novel/Dating Simulator
Raceland
Regions Of Ruin
Regular Human Basketball x 2
Rencounter
Renoir
Return to Mysterious Island
Resort Boss: Golf
Rym 9000
Seraph
Shooting Stars!
Silence
Sky Break
Space Pilgrim Episode III: Delta Pavonis
Space Pilgrim Episode IV: Sol
Spandex Force: Champion Rising
Steel Rats
Super Daryl Deluxe
Sword Legacy Omen
Taxi
The Adventure Pals x 3
The Deed: Dynasty
The Emerald Maiden: Symphony of Dream
The Spiral Scouts
The Uncertain - The Last Quiet Day
Tiny Troopers
ttv2
Twilight City Love as a Cure
Two Worlds: Epic Edition
Tumblestone
Unhack
Unhack 2
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
White Noise Online
World Keepers Last Resort
Zombie Party x 2
submitted by marcoxnt93 to GameTrade [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 19:35 marcoxnt93 [H] Humble Turkiye Syria Leftovers and a lot games [W] Offers


Humble Turkiye-Syria Earthquake Relief Bundle leftovers

Ticket to Ride
Strange Brigade
System Shock Enhanced Edition
Pilgrims
Flynn: Son of Crimson
Into the Pit
Worms Rumble
Backbone
119 Operator
211 Operator
Calico
X-Morph: Defense Complete Pack
Zombie Driver HD Complete Edition
Space Crew: Legendary Edition
Monaco
Death Squared
Lust from Beyond – M Edition
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Remnants of Naezith
Planet TD
Firegirl: Hack 'n Splash Rescue DX
XEL
Little Orpheus
Detached: Non-VR Edition
Agent in Depth
Meow Express
Arcade Spirits
Non-Stop Raiders
The Inner World
The Amazing American Circus
Soulblight
Stacking
Hack 'n’ Slash
MirrorMoon EP
Cosmic Express
Cris Tales
Orbital Racer
Symmetry
Guilty Gear X2 #Reload
Alchemist’s Castle
Soul Searching
Doughlings: Arcade
Doughlings: Invasion
Quadrata
Rym 9000
stikir
Cats and the Other Lives
Soulflow
Izmir: An Independence Simulator
Guns & Fishes
Pill Baby
Project Chemistry
Pixross
Frick, Inc
Sunlight




TIER 0
Back 4 blood eu
Destiny 2 Planet of Peace Exclusive Emblem
Dirt Rally 2.0 + 3 DLC
F1 2012
F1 2019 Anniversary
Grand Theft Auto Vice City
Remnant from the Ashes
Road to Guangdong - Story-Based Indie Road Trip Driving Game
the wolf among us

TIER 1
Absolver
Bloodstained Ritual of the Night
borderlands Game of the year enhanced Edition
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection EU
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Darksiders genesis
Deep Rock Galactic
Doom Eternal
Duke Nukem Manhattan Project
DUSK
Elex
Endless Space 2 – Deluxe Edition
friday the 13th
Geometry Wars 3 Dimensions Evolved Mystery
Genital Jousting
Grid Autosport
Grid ultimate edition
Golf With Friends
GoNNER BLüEBERRY EDiTION
guild wars 2 heroic edition
guild wars nightfall
Hitman Absolution
House Flipper
Just cause 3 XXL
Kingdom Rush
Kerbal Space Program x 2
Legend Of Grimrock
Lego Marvel 2 Deluxe
Little Dragons Cafe
Mafia III: Definitive Edition
MAIN ASSEMBLY
Maneater
Mordhau
Orn the tiny forest sprite
Outward US x 2
Overcooked 2 + Surf and Turf + Too Many Cooks
pathfinder wrath
PGA TOUR 2k21 x 2
Phantasmagoria
Portal Knights
Pro cycling manager 2019
Project Cars
Project CARS 2 + Japanese Cars Bonus Pack
Risen
Sairento VR
Scum
Second Extinction
Sonic Forces
Spyro Reignited Trilogy x 2
Starbound
Star Trek Bridge Crew
State of Decay 2
streets of rogue
Summer in Mara
Superhot VR
Tales of Zestiria
Team Sonic Racing
Tekken 7
The Elder Scrolls IV Oblivion GOTY
The Division + DLC US
Tomb Raider GOTY
Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition
TRINE 2 Complete Story
TRINE 3 The Artifacts of Power
Tracks - The Train Set Game
WARHAMMER 40,000: Gladius- Relics of War
Warhammer 40000 : Mechanicus
Wasteland 2 Directors Cut
Wasteland 3
valkyria chronicles IV Complete
X-com 2


TIER 2
ABZU
Armello x 3
asterix obelix xxl3
Band of Defenders
batman arkham knight
Battle Chasers: Nightwar
Beyond Blue
BioShock Infinite
Book of Demons
CHAOS CODE -NEW SIGN OF CATASTROPHE-
Choice Chamber
Chess Ultra
Cities skylines
civilization IV Complete Edition
Civilization 5
Dead by Daylight
Death and Taxes
Degrees of Separation
Drake Hollow
Driftland: The Magic Revival x 2
Endless Space 2
Europa Universalis IV
eXperience 112
FEZ
Flying Tigers: Shadows Over China - Deluxe Edition
Forced
From Space
Gamedec
Gato Roboto
Golf With Friends
Gunman Tales
Hotshot Racing
human fall flat
Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1
Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition
Just Cause 3
Killing Floor 2
King's Bounty: Crossworlds
King’s Bounty: Warriors of the North - The Complete Edition
Last Oasis
Manhunt
Megadimension Neptunia VII
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 - War Chest Edition
METAL SLUG 3
Metro Last Light Redux
Miscreated
MO:Astray
Morphopolis
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Natural Selection 2
NecroWorm
Neo Cab
NEOVERSE
Not For Broadcast
Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty
Odyssey - The Story of Science
OF MICE AND SAND -REVISED-
One Step From Eden
Opus Magnum
Overcooked
Overgrowth
PATHOLOGIC 2
Pillars Of Eternity
Phoenix Point Year one edition
Planespace Torment Enhanced Edition
Plunge
Quantum League
Quest of Dungeons
Railroad tycoon 3
Rise of Industry
River City Melee Mach
Roarr! The Adventures of Rampage Rex
Sanctuary RPG: Black Edition
Scribblenauts Unmasked
Scythe Digital Edition
Serious Sam 3 BFE
Shadowrun: Dragonfall - Director's Cut
Shing!
Skullgirls
Sinking Island
Slinger VR
SNIPER GHOST WARRIOR CONTRACTS
snk anniversary
Sonic All Stars Transformed Collection
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Starbound
Star Wars Galactic Battlegrounds Saga
STAR WARS Jedi Knight - Jedi Academy
STAR WARS™ Jedi Knight II - Jedi Outcast
STAR WARS The Force Unleashed Ultimate Sith Edition
Star Wars Kotor 2
Star Wolves 3: Civil War
stick fight the game
Still There
Stronhold Crusader 2
Struggling
Styx Master of Shadows
SUPER TIME FORCE ULTRA
Surgeon Simulator: Experience Reality
SurrounDead
Surviving Mars x 2
Swords of Gurrah
Tannenberg
THE KING OF FIGHTERS XIII STEAM EDITION
The Technomancer
tilt brush
Titan Quest Anniversary Edition
The Bard’s Tale IV: Director’s Cut
The Beast Inside
The Gardens Between
The Incredible Adventures of Van Hesing
the long dark survival Edition
The Stillness of the Wind
The Swords of Ditto: Mormo’s Curse
The town of light
The walking dead the new frontier
The Wild Eight
Train Valley 2
Trüberbrook
Tropico 5
Tsioque
Unto The End
Valfaris
Voidship: The Long Journey
volcanoids
Wargroove
WARSAW
West of Dead x 2
Wizard Of Legends x 3
Worms Clan Wars
Without Within 3
XCOM: Chimera Squad
Yooka Laylee
Zwei: The Arges Adventure
Zwei: The Ilvard Insurrection


TIER 3
112 Operator
911 Operator
Acorn Assault: Rodent Revolution
Ageless
AI War 2
Alan Wake's American Nightmare
Alien Shooter 2 Conscription
Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
Amnesia: The Dark Descent
angry video game nerd
Arcana Hearts 3
Armada 2526 Gold Edition
arma X
As Far As The Eye
Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation
Atari Vault
AVEN COLONY
Before we Leave
Belladonna
BLACKHOLE
Blitzkrieg Anthology
Boomerang Fu
Bomber Crew - Deluxe Edition
Boreal Blade
Borealis
Bridge Constructor Playground
Broken Age x 3
Brothers – A Tale of Two Sons
Bunker Punks
Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood
Cally's caves 3
Callys Caves 4
Capitalism 2
Carmageddon Max Damage
Cast of the Seven Godsends
Cepheus Protocol
Chaos Reborn
City Siege: Faction Island
COLT CANYON
Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
Crazy Belts
crazy machines 3
Creeping Terror
Crowntakers
Crying Suns
CTU: Counter Terrorism Unit
Cybarian: The Time Travelling Warrior
Cyber Hook
Dad Quest x 2
Dark Heritage: Guardians of Hope
Darkness Within 2: The Dark Lineage
Darksiders Warmastered Edition
Dark Strokes The Legend of the Snow Kingdom Collectors Edition
Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
Death to Spies: Moment of Truth
Death Squared
DESOLATE
Detached
Deus Ex: Invisible War
Dimension Drifter
Distrust : Polar Survival
Double Dragon IV
Draw Slasher
Duke Nukem Forever x 2
Dungeons 3
Dungeon Siege II
DV: Rings of Saturn
EarthNight
EarthX
Eliza
Enforcer: Police Crime Action
ENSLAVED™: Odyssey to the West™ Premium Edition
Epistory - Typing Chronicles
Etherborn
Etherlords I & II
Evergarden
evoland
F1 2018
Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Remastered
Farming World
Fire
Fort Triumph
Fury Unleashed x 2
Garfield Kart
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Goat simulator
Golf Gang
God's Trigger
Go Home Dinosaurs
Going Under
Gone Home + Original Soundtrack
Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan
GRIP: Combat Racing
Guilty Gear Sign
Gunscape Standard Edition
Hacknet + DLC
Heaven’s Vault
Heavy Burger
Heroes of Annihilated Empires
Hexologic
Hidden Object Bundle 5 in 1
Hidden Object 6in1 bundle
Hive Jump
Hopiko
HORACE
Hue
Hyperspace Invaders II: Pixel Edition
In Between
Innerspace
INMOST
Inside My Radio
Iris and the Giant
Iron Fisticle
John Wick
Just Die Already
ken follet
Kingdom: Classic
King Oddball
Knights of Pen & Paper 2
Knight's Retreat
Labyronia RPG
Labyronia RPG 2
Laser Disco Defenders
Leisure Suit Larry 7 - Love for Sail
Lemuria Lost in Space
Levelhead
LIBERATED
Little Misfortune
Livelock
Lostwinds
Lovecraft’s Untold Stories
Lust from Beyond: M Edition
Lust for Darkness
Luxor 3
Mages of Mystralia
Magrunner: Dark Pulse
Masquerade: The Baubles of Doom
Medieval Kingdom Wars
Mini Ninjas
MirrorMoon EP
Monaco: What’s Yours Is Mine
Moon Hunters
MotoGP 15
Morkredd
MOUNT & BLADE
MXGP - The Official Motocross Videogame
My Memory of Us
Mystery Loss
Narcos: Rise of the Cartels
Nba Playgrounds
Neon Chrome
Newt One
Nex Machina
Neverending Nightmares
Neverout
Niffelheim
Night Call
Nowhere Prophet
Odallus: The Dark Call
Of Orcs And Men
Offworld Trading Company + Jupiter's Forge Expansion Pack
Omen Exitio: Plague
Orbital Racer
Out of Space
Overload
Overlord II x 2
Pac-Man 256
PAC-MAN™ CHAMPIONSHIP EDITION 2
Paper Fire Rookie
Paperbark
Paradigm
Particula
Pathway
Pawnbarian
Payday 2
Peaky Blinders: Mastermind
Perfect Universe
Pesterquest
Pickers
Pikuniku
Pirate Pop Plus
Pixel Heroes
Pixplode
Planet Alpha
Planet of the Eyes
Police Stories
port royale 3 gold
Post Master
POPUP DUNGEON
Prehistoric Tales
Quantum Conundrum
Radio Commander
Rapture Rejects
Rebel Galaxy
red orchestra 2
Re-Legion
REMOTHERED: BROKEN PORCELAIN
Remnants of Naezith
RESIDENT EVIL HD
Rezrog
Retimed
Ring of Pain
Road Redemption
ROCK OF AGES 3: MAKE & BREAK
Röki
Roombo: First Blood
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RRRR
Rustler
Sakura Agent
Sakura Angels
Sakura Beach
Sakura Beach 2
Sakura Fantasy
Sakura Magical Girls
Sakura Shrine Girls
Sakura Spirit
Samorost 3
Serial Cleaner
Seven enchanted edition
Sigma Theory: Global Cold War
SIMULACRA + SIMULACRA 2
Sins Of The Demon
Shadowrun Hong Kong Extended Edition
Shoppe Keep
Shoppe Keep 2
Smile For Me
SKULLY
Smoke and Sacrifice
Sonic & SEGA All-Stars Racing
Soulblight
Space Pilgrim Academy: Reunion
space run galaxy
Speedrunners
Spellspire
S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky
StarCrossed
State of mind
Stealth 2: A Game of Clones
Stealth Bastard Deluxe x 2
Steamburg
Still Life 2
Storm Of Spears
Strider
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Sudden Strike 4
Sundered
Super Hexagon
Supraland
Super Mutant Alien Assault
Super Panda Adventures
Swag and Sorcery
Syberia
Syberia II
Syberia 3
System Shock: Enhanced Edition
Tabletop Playground
Tales from Candlekeep: Tomb of Annihilation
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Telefrag VR
Teslagrad
Testament of Sherlock Holmes
Time Mysteries 3: The Final Enigma
The Amazing American Circus
Tharsis
The Ball
The Deed
The dropping of the dead
The Dwarves
The Hex
The King's Bird
The Last Door: Season 2 - Collector's Edition
The Lost Crown
The Purring Quest
There Came An Echo
The Haunted Island, A Frog Detective Game
The Signal From Tölva
Think of the Children
This War of Mine
ToeJam & Earl Back in the Groove
Tomb Raider IV: The Last Revelation
Tomb Raider V: Chronicles
Tomb Raider Legend
Tomb Raider Underworld
Tooth and Tail
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator
Tropico 4
Turok 2: Seeds of Evil
Underhero
Unrest
Valnir Rok Survival RPG
Vane
Velocity Ultra Deluxe
Vertiginous Golf
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
Wanderlust: Travel Stories
Wandersong
warlock 2
war tech fighters
Werewolf: The Apocalypse — Heart of the Forest
Without Within 2
Whispers of a machine
Wings of Vi
Yoku's Island Express
Youropa
Zoo Park


TIER 4
Acceleration of SUGURI 2
Age of Wonders III
Alien Spidy
Almost There: The Platformer
Angvik
A New Beginning – Final Cut
AtmaSphere
Battle vs chees
Circuit Breakers
Corridor Z
CreaVures
Cubicle Quest
Dagon – The Eldritch Box DLC
Dashing Dinos
Death Fungeon
Drawful 2
DungeonUp x 2
Earth 2150 Trilogy
Enclave
Endless Space – Collection
Evergarden
Formula Car Racing
Fluffy Horde
Gorky 17
Guts And Glory
Hacknet Deluxe Edition
Haegemonia: The Solon Heritage
HIVESWAP: Act 1
Holy Potatoes a Spy Story
Homefront
Horizon Shift
Joggernauts
Journey of a Roach
Learn Japanese to survive Hiragana Battle
Left in the Dark: No One on Board
Leisure Suit Larry 5 - Passionate Patti Does a Little Undercover Work
Leisure Suit Larry 6 - Shape Up Or Slip Out
Little Racers STREET
Lock Parsing 2
Love is Dead
Midnight Mysteries 3: Devil on the Mississippi
Memoria
Moss Destruction
NAIRI: Tower of Shirin
NeuroVoider
No Time to Explain Remastered
One Finger Death Punch
OneShift
Out of Reach: Treasure Royale
Pesterquest
Purrfect Date – Visual Novel/Dating Simulator
Raceland
Regions Of Ruin
Regular Human Basketball x 2
Rencounter
Renoir
Return to Mysterious Island
Resort Boss: Golf
Rym 9000
Seraph
Shooting Stars!
Silence
Sky Break
Space Pilgrim Episode III: Delta Pavonis
Space Pilgrim Episode IV: Sol
Spandex Force: Champion Rising
Steel Rats
Super Daryl Deluxe
Sword Legacy Omen
Taxi
The Adventure Pals x 3
The Deed: Dynasty
The Emerald Maiden: Symphony of Dream
The Spiral Scouts
The Uncertain - The Last Quiet Day
Tiny Troopers
ttv2
Twilight City Love as a Cure
Two Worlds: Epic Edition
Tumblestone
Unhack
Unhack 2
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
White Noise Online
World Keepers Last Resort
Zombie Party x 2
submitted by marcoxnt93 to SteamGameSwap [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 19:24 Abacabb69 Help me make a list of games to play please

Hey all, I think I've exhausted the list of stealth assassin style games in existence but I want more to play.
So far I've poured years of my time into:
The linking trend here is that all these games have:
Based on this criteria, can anyone think of any other games well worth playing that are:
-3D, first or third person,
-have stealth kills,
-primarily based in Japan or you can be an assassin that uses blades as the primary weapon and is heavily focused on stealth above all?
Although I think Hitman may be a great game (I've yet to try it) the settings and weapons don't really do it for me. I like medieval/ historic stealth assassin games and Tenchu/ Sekiro/ Dishonored/ Aragami really fit the bill here.
Also has to be playable on PC, I'm not investing in consoles lol I really wanna play Tenchu Z but I just can't, emulation still doesn't work on Nvidia cards.
Thanks in advance if anyone has any suggestions.
submitted by Abacabb69 to tenchu [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 17:27 No_Mountain4540 Morocco Private Tour Guides

Morocco Private Tour Guides

Discover the Beauty of Morocco with Exclusive PrivateTours

Morocco travel planning may be thrilling and stressful. Millions of tourists visit this North African nation each year for its varied landscapes, rich culture, and bustling towns. Choose Morocco excursions with native private guides to maximize your Moroccan experience. Unique benefits make these tailored encounters remarkable.

Why Choose Local Private Tour Guides in Morocco?

Group tours are convenient, but they lack the personalization and flexibility needed for the perfect vacation. Instead, local private tour guides provide a personalized experience. Why hiring a local private guide should be your top priority: Specialist knowledge: Local guides know the area’s history, culture, and attractions. They can take you to places not found in travel books or group tours. Custom tours: Local guides will customize a plan to your needs. Your guide will plan your dream vacation around ancient architecture, bustling markets, or serene deserts. Flexible schedules: Private tours don’t have schedules. Your guide will adjust to your schedule so you can enjoy each location without feeling rushed.
Local guides: can show you authentic Moroccan culture and traditions. With an expert, enjoy Berber hospitality, local cuisine, and lively Gnawa music. Languages: Most local private tour guides are multilingual, making communication easy. They can also translate for locals, enriching your experience.
Tips for Private Morocco Tours with Local Guides

moroccoclassictours
Morocco has attractions for everyone. Plan your unique schedule using these tips:

Marrakesh:

Starting your Moroccan vacation in Marrakech, the “Red City” is ideal. This bustling city’s must–see attractions include Jemaa el–Fnaa: A lively marketplace with food vendors, storytellers, musicians, and snake charmers. Koutoubia Mosque: A 12th–century masterpiece. Bahia Palace: A 19th–century Moroccan masterpiece. Jacques Majorelle’s calm garden.

Fes Wonders:

Fes is Morocco’s oldest imperial city. See these medieval sites with your local guide: Fes Medina: Explore the winding lanes and find hidden treasures. Al Quaraouiyine University: One of the world’s oldest universities, founded in 859 AD. Dar Batha Museum: Moroccan pottery, woodwork, and textiles. Al– Attarine Madrasa: A 14th–century religious school with complex Andalusian–Moroccan architecture.

Chefchaouen Magic:

Chefchaouen’s blue–painted buildings are attractive amid the Rif Mountains. See these charming spots with your own guide: Chefchaouen Medina: Explore the cobblestone lanes with blue buildings and lovely souks. Kasbah Museum: Discover Chefchaouen’s history and traditional crafts. Ras Elma Waterfall: Take a walk to this tranquil area in nature to escape the city.

Admire Morocco’s Desert Landscapes:

Morocco’s Sahara Desert is breathtaking. Local private tour guides may create amazing activities like Camel treks: Enjoy the beautiful dunes on camelback. Overnight stays in luxurious desert camps: Sleep beneath the stars and wake up to gorgeous desert sunrises. Hot air balloon rides: Capture breathtaking views of the desert from above. Morocco offers so much more, from beach retreats in Essaouira to spectacular Atlas Mountain canyons. With infinite choices, a native private tour guide will create a bespoke itinerary for an unforgettable Moroccan experience.
submitted by No_Mountain4540 to u/No_Mountain4540 [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 14:49 dinkomaricic [H] Pathfinder WotR, Hell Let Loose, SCUM, Gotham Knights, Back 4 Blood, ETS2, Obduction, State Of Decay 2 Juggernaut, Tower Unite, Man Of Medan & Little Hope, Friday 13th, Satisfactory, Mordhau, Empyrion, Kartkraft, Call To Arms, Slay The Spire & 100's more [W] Wishlist, Paypal (EU)

I'm from EU,so GAMES SHOULD work pretty much anywhere
NOT BUYING GAMES,ONLY TRADES - games for games or selling for paypal
No interest in TF2 keys
BUYER covers the FEES (if outside EU,EU F&F only)
My Steam account so you don't offer me something I own
My Wishlist
My SGSRep
My IGSRep


Only looking for Steam games - so don't offer origin,uplay,rockstar,bnet or ANY other launcher
100% of my games keys are bought by me from official stores & I expect the same in return,so don't offer me keyshop games or game keys you got in a trade as I will decline
I retain the right to ask for proof of ownership for ANY game I want - just like you have the right to ask me the same
Don't offer me VR games as I don't own a VR headset


List of games I have:
Also have the Earthquake Relief bundle,but reddit wont let me write all the games cause my topic would be too big - just ask
7 Billion Humans
8Doors Arum's Afterlife Adventure
10 Second Ninja X
60 Seconds!
112 Operator
140
198X
911 Operator
A Case Of Distrust
A Year Of Rain
Absolver
Aeolis Tournament
Age Of Wonders III
Ageless
Airport CEO
AI War 2
Alien Spidy
Aliens Vs Predator Collection
All You Can Eat
Almost There The Platformer
American Fugitive
Amnesia A Machine For Pigs + The Dark Descent (1 key for both games)
Amnesia Fortnight 2012
Amnesia Fortnight 2014
Amnesia Fortnight 2017
Amnesia Rebirth (X2)
Among Us (X2)
Ancestors The Humankind Odyssey (EU & Africa lock)
Aragami (X2)
Archamon
Armello
Army Men RTS
Attack Of The Earthlings
Automobilista
Aven Colony
Avernum 3 Ruined World
Azkend 2 The World Beneath
Back 4 Blood (EU region lock)
Backbone
Band Of Defenders
Banished
Baseball Riot
Batora Lost Haven NEW
Battlestar Galactica Deadlock
Beholder 2
Bendy And The Dark Revival
Bendy And The Ink Machine
Betrayer (delisted)
Between The Stars (X2)
Beyond Eyes
Beyond The Wire
Biomutant NEW
Bionic Commando
Bird Of Light
Black Paradox
Blade Assault
Blasphemous
Bohemian Killing
Book Of Demons
Bomber Crew Deluxe
Borderlands 3 + Director's Cut (EMEA region lock)
Boreal Blade
Broken Age (X2)
Brothers A Tale Of Two Sons (X2)
Butcher
Call Of Juarez
Call Of The Sea (X2)
Call To Arms Basic Edition
Call To Arms Gates Of Hell Ostfront
Car Mechanic Simulator 2018
Chenso Club
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Cities In Motion 2
CivCity Rome
Clone Drone In The Danger Zone
Clouds & Sheep 2
Coffin Dodgers
Cook Serve Delicious 3
Command & Conquer Remastered Collection (Origin key)
Company Of Heroes Complete Edition
Control Ultimate Edition NEW
Corridor Z
Cosmic Osmo And The World Beyond The Mackerel
Crash Drive 3
Creatures Inc
Crookz The Big Heist
Crossbow Bloodnight
Crusader Kings Complete
Crying Suns
Dagon The Eldritch Box
Danger Scavenger
Day Of Infamy
Dead Age
Dead By Daylight
Dead In Vinland
Deadly Premonition Director's Cut
Deadbeat Heroes (X2)
Dear Ester Landmark Edition
Death Squared
Deep Dungeons Of Doom
Deep Sky Derelicts
Demon Turf NEW
Deployment
Desert Child
Diaries Of A Spaceport Janitor
Dicey Dungeons (X2)
Dimension Drifter
Distraint 2 + Soundtrack
Divekick
Dog Sled Saga
Double Fine Adventures Complete Series Deluxe
Downwell
Drawful 2
Draw Slasher
Dreadlands
Dread Templar
Dread X Collection
Dreamscaper NEW
Driftland The Magic Revival
Dry Downing
Duke Nukem Forever Collection
Dungeon Marathon
Dungeon Of The Endless
Dungeons 2
Dungeons 2 Complete
Dungeons 3
Dusk
Dwarfs!?
Eador Imperium
EarthX
Eastside Hockey Manager
ECHO
Edge Of Eternity NEW
Effie
Elderborn
Eldest Souls
Elden Path Of The Forgotten
Embr
Emily Is Away
Empyrion Galactic Survival
Epic Manager
E.T. Armies Deluxe Edition
Etherborn (X2)
Euro Truck Simulator 2
Europa Universalis IV
Evergarden
Expeditions Viking
F1 2018 (delisted)
Family Man
Fantasy Blacksmith
Fantasy Versus
Farmer's Dynasty
Farming Simulator 17
FIA European Truck Racing
Figment (X2)
Finding Paradise
Fire Ungh's Quest
First Class Trouble
Five Dates
Fling To The Finish
Fluffy Horde
Fobia St. Dinfna Hotel
Forgive Me Father
Framed Collection (X2)
Friday the 13th: The Game (X2)
Frog Detective 1 The Haunted Island (X2)
Full Throttle Remastered
Fun With Ragdolls The Game
Fury Unleashed (X2)
Gang Beasts
Garage Bad Trip (X2)
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Gas Station Simulator
Gauge
Genesis Noir
Ghostrunner
Giana Sisters Twisted Dreams + Rise Of The Owlverlord
GNOG
Go Home Dinosaurs!
Goat Of Duty
Goetia (X2)
Going Under (X2)
Golden Light
Golf Gang
GoNNER
Gotham Knights
Grand Ages Medieval
Grand Pigeon's Duty
Greak Memories Of Azur
Gremlins Inc.
Grip Combat Racing + Cygon + Nyvoss + Terra + Vintek DLC (X2)
Guts And Glory (X2)
Hack'n'Slash
Haiku The Robot (X2)
Hamilton's Great Adventure
Hammerfight
Headlander
Heal
Hedon Bloodrite
Hell Let Loose
Hellblade Senua's Sacrifice NEW
Hello Neighbor
Hellbound
Hero Defense
Hero's Hour NEW (EU region lock)
Hexologic
Hidden & Dangerous Action Pack
Hidden & Dangerous 2 Courage Under Fire
Hive Jump (X2)
Hiveswap Act 2
Hiveswap Friend Sim
Hiveswap Friend Sim Complete
Homeworld Deserts Of Kharak
Hotshot Racing
Hot Tin Roof The Cat That Wore A Fedora
Hot Wheels Unleashed
Hover (X2)
Human Resource Machine
Hurtworld
I Am Bread
I Am Not A Monster First Contact
Ice Lakes
If Found...
Ikenfell
Impact Winter (delisted)
In Between
Industria
Inexistence Rebirth NEW
Infinite Air With Mark McMorris (delisted)
Influent NEW
Inmost
Internet Cafe Simulator
Interplanetary Enhanced Edition
Intruder
Ion Fury
Iron Danger
Iron Harvest
Jack Axe
Jalopy
Jet Set Knights
Juanito Arcade Mayhem
Jump Stars
Jurassic World Evolution
Jurassic World Evolution 2 NEW
Just Die Already
KartKraft
Kathy Rain Directors Cut
Keep Talking And Nobody Explodes (X2)
Kill To Collect
Kingdom Classic (X2)
Kingdom New Lands
Kingdoms Of Amalur Re-Reckoning Fate Edition
King Oddball
Labyrinthine NEW
Last Oasis
Last Tide
Lawn Mowing Simulator
Lead And Gold Gangs Of Wild West (X2)
Legacy Of Dorn Herald Of Oblivion (delisted)
Legend Of Keepers Career Of A Dungeon Master
LEGO Movie Videogame
Leisure Suit Larry Retro Bundle (1 to 7)
Lethal League Blaze
Liberated (GOG key)
Lifeless Planet Premium Edition
Light Fall
Little Big Workshop
Love Is Dead
Lust For Darkness
Lust From Beyond M Edition
Magicka
Magrunner Dark Pulse
Maid Of Sker
Main Assembly (X2)
Mainlining
Mars Horizon
Masquerade The Baubles Of Doom
Max Payne 3 (Rockstar Launcher)
Midnight Protocol
Mind Scanners
Mini Metro
Miscreated (X2)
Monster Crown NEW
Monster Train Collectors Edition
Moon Hunters
Morbid The Seven Acolytes
Mordhau
Mosaic
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Motorsport Manager
Mount And Blade Warband
Mountain
My Lovely Daughter
Nairi Tower Of Shirin
Naruto To Boruto Shinobi Striker
Nascar Heat 5 Ultimate
Nebuchadnezzar
NecroVisioN Lost Company
NecroWorn
Neighbours Back From Hell
Neo Cab
Neon Abyss
NeuroVoider
Neverout
Niche
Nickelodeon All Star Brawl (X2)
Ninjin Clash Of Carrots
No Time To Relax
Not Tonight
Numba Deluxe
Obduction
Observation
Octahedron
Odyssey The Story Of Science
Of Orcs And Men
Old School Musical
OlliOlli World Rad Edition
On Rusty Trails
One Finger Death Punch 2
Onikira Demon Killer
Orbital Racer
Orcs Must Die 2 Complete
Original War
Orwell Ignorance Is Strength
Out Of Reach Treasure Royal
Overlord II
Overpass
Override Mech City Brawl
Oxenfree
Pacer
Paint The Town Red
Paper Fire Rookie
Paradise Lost
Pathfinder Wrath Of The Righteous
Pathologic 2
Path Of Giants
Paw Paw Paw
Payday 2 + Big Mike mask
Peaky Blinders Mastermind (delisted)
Penarium
People Playground (X2)
Perfect Heist 2
PGA Tour 2K21 (X2)
Phoenix Point Year One Edition
Pikuniku
Pine
Pinstripe (X2)
Pixplode
Plane Mechanic Simulator
Playne The Meditation Game
Poöf
Popup Dungeon
Post Void
Pound Of Ground (X2)
PowerSlave Exhumed
Prehistoric Kingdom
Primal Carnage Extinction (X2)
Project Cars GOTY (delisted)
Project Hospital
Project Warlock
Propnight NEW
Pumped BMX+
Punch Club
Purrfect Date
Quest Of Dungeons
RAD (X2)
Radio Commander
Rad Rodgers Radical Edition
Railroad Tycoon 2
Railroad Tycoon 3
Railway Empire
Raji An Ancient Epic
Rebel Cops
Rec Center Tycoon
Red Faction Armageddon
Red Solstice 2 Survivors
Redeemer Enhanced Edition
Redout Enhanced Edition
Re-Legion
Relicta
Remothered Broken Porcelain
Resident Evil 4
Resident Evil 5 Gold Edition
Resident Evil 6
Resident Evil Revelations (X2)
Resident Evil Revelation 2 Deluxe Edition
Retimed
Retrowave
Reventure
Ring Of Pain
Rings Of Saturn
Riot Civil Unrest
Rise Of Industry
Rise Of Insanity
Riven The Sequel To MYST
Roarr! The Adventures Of Rampage Rex
Roboquest
Rogue Heroes Ruins Of Tasos
Rogue Lords NEW
Rogue Stormers
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RPG Maker VX
Rustler
Sable NEW
Salt And Sanctuary
Satellite Reign
Satisfactory
Saturday Morning RPG
Say No! More
SCP 5K NEW
SCUM (X2)
ScourgeBringer
Serious Sam 2
Serious Sam BFE (X2)
Serious Sam Classics Revolution
Serious Sam Double D XXL
Serious Sam HD The First & Second Encounter (1 key for both)
Serious Sam HD The Second Encounter Legend Of The Beast
Serious Sam HD The Second Encounter Serious 8
Serious Sam Kamikaze Attack
Serious Sam The Random Encounter
Serious Sam Bogus Detour
Shadow Tactics Aiko's Choice
Shady Part Of Me
She Remembered Caterpillars
She Will Punish Them
Shing!
Shock Troopers
Shogun's Empire Hex Commander NEW
Shuyan Saga
Sid Meier's Civilization VI
Sid Meier's Railroads
Simulacra Collection
Skullgirls 2nd Encore
Skully
Slay The Spire
Slime Rancher
Slinger VR
Smoke And Sacrifice (X2)
Sniper Elite V2 Remastered
Sniper Elite 4 Deluxe + Season Pass
SOMA
Song Of Iron
Soulblight
Spacebase DF-9
Space Hulk Ascension (delisted)
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Spellcaster University
Spelunx And The Caves Of Mr. Seudo
Stacking
Starsand (X2)
Star Wars Jedi Knight Jedi Academy
Star Wars Knights Of The Old Republic
Stasis
State Of Decay 2 Juggernaut Edition (X2)
State Of Mind
Steel Rats
Stick Fight The Game (X3)
Stories Untold
Streets Of Fury EX
Strider
Struggling
Stubbs The Zombie
Styx Shards Of Darkness
Submerged Hidden Depths
Suchart Genius Artist Simulator
Super Indie Carts
Super Magbot
Supraland
SurrounDead (X2)
Surviving The Aftermath
Suzerain
Swag And Sorcery
Sword Legacy Omen
Swords And Soldiers 2 Shawarmageddon
Swords And Souls Neverseen (X2)
Syberia II
Syberia 3 Deluxe Edition
Syberia The World Before NEW
Syndrome
System Shock Enhanced Edition
Table Manners The Physics-Based Dating Game
Tabletop Playground
Tacoma
Take On Helicopters
Tales From Candlekeep Tomb Of Annihilation (delisted)
Tales Of Monkey Island Complete
Talisman Digital Edition + City,Frostmarch,Sacred Pool (trading only as a bundle)
Talisman Origins
Tank Mechanic Simulator
Tannenberg
Telefrag VR
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Tennis In The Face
Tennis World Tour (X2)
Tesla Vs Lovecraft
Tharsis (X2)
The Amazing American Circus
The Ambassador Fractured Timelines
The Adventure Pals
The Battle Of Polytopia
The Battle Of Polytopia Moonrise Deluxe
The Blackout Club NEW
The Count Lucador
The Dark Pictures Anthology Little Hope
The Dark Pictures Anthology Man Of Medan
The Free Ones (delisted)
The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour
theHunter Call Of The Wild (X3)
The Journey Down Chapter Three
The King Of Fighters 2002 Unlimited Match
The Last Blade
The Long Dark Survival Edition (X2)
The Manhole Masterpiece Edition
The Mims Beginning
The Mortuary Assistant NEW
The Night Of The Rabbit
The Serpent Rogue
The Signifier Director's Cut
The Textorcist The Story of Ray Bibbia (X2)
The Uncertain Last Quiet Day (X2)
The USB Stick Found In The Grass
The Walking Dead Season 1 + 400 Days
The Wild Eight (X2)
Them And Us NEW
There Is No Game Wrong Dimension
They Bleed Pixels
Think Of The Children
This War Of Mine
Thronebreaker The Witcher Tales
THOTH
Through The Darkest Of Times
Timeshift
Time Recoil
Titan Quest Anniversary
Toejam & Earl Back In The Groove
TOEM
Tohu
Tools Up
Tooth And Tail (X2)
Torchlight (X2)
Total Tank Simulator
Toto Temple Deluxe
Tower Of Time (X2)
Tower Unite
Townscaper (X2)
Townsmen A Kingdom Rebuilt
Toybox Turbos
Tracks The Train Set Game
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator (X2)
Tribes Of Midgard
Tropico 4
True Fear Forsaken Souls Part 1
Tyranny Deluxe Edition
Ultra Street Fighter IV
Unexplored
Unloved
Unmetal
Unshaded NEW
Vambrace Cold Soul
Vane
Velocibox
Verdun (X2)
Vikings Wolves Of Midgard
Visage NEW
Volcanoids (X2)
V Rally 4
Wanderlust Travel Stories (GOG key)
Wandersong
Warhammer End Times Vermintide
Warlock Master Of The Arcane
Warpips
Warsaw
Wasteland 2 Director's Cut
We Are The Dwarves
We Should Talk
West Of Dead
Western Press
We Were Here Together
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong
Where The Water Tastes Like Wine
While True: Learn() Chief Technology Officer Edition
White Day: A Labyrinth Named School
Wooden Sen'SeY
Worms Rumble + Legends DLC
Wrath Aeon Of Ruin
XCOM Complete Pack
XCOM Ultimate Collection
Xenoraid The First Space War
X Morph Defense + European Assault + Last Bastion + Survival Of The Fittest (1 key for all)
XIII Classic
Xuan-Yuan Sword The Gate Of Firmament
Yet Another Zombie Defense HD
Ylands Exploration Pack
Yoku's Island Express
Yooka-Laylee And The Impossible Lair
Zack 2 Celestine's Map
ZIC Zombies In City NEW
Zombie Kill Of The Week Reborn


DONT TRY TO SEND A PM BEFORE YOU POST IN THIS TOPIC - WILL NOT DEAL WITH YOU!
submitted by dinkomaricic to GameTrade [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 14:45 dinkomaricic [H] Pathfinder WotR, Hell Let Loose, SCUM, Gotham Knights, Back 4 Blood, ETS2, Obduction, State Of Decay 2 Juggernaut, Tower Unite, Man Of Medan & Little Hope, Friday 13th, Satisfactory, Mordhau, Empyrion, Kartkraft, Call To Arms, Slay The Spire & 100's more [W] Wishlist, Paypal (EU)

I'm from EU,so GAMES SHOULD work pretty much anywhere
NOT BUYING GAMES,ONLY TRADES - games for games or selling for paypal
No interest in TF2 keys
BUYER covers the FEES (if outside EU,EU F&F only)
My Steam account so you don't offer me something I own
My Wishlist
My SGSRep
My IGSRep


Only looking for Steam games - so don't offer origin,uplay,rockstar,bnet or ANY other launcher
100% of my games keys are bought by me from official stores & I expect the same in return,so don't offer me keyshop games or game keys you got in a trade as I will decline
I retain the right to ask for proof of ownership for ANY game I want - just like you have the right to ask me the same
Don't offer me VR games as I don't own a VR headset


List of games I have:
Also have the Earthquake Relief bundle,but reddit wont let me write all the games cause my topic would be too big - just ask
7 Billion Humans
8Doors Arum's Afterlife Adventure
10 Second Ninja X
60 Seconds!
112 Operator
140
198X
911 Operator
A Case Of Distrust
A Year Of Rain
Absolver
Aeolis Tournament
Age Of Wonders III
Ageless
Airport CEO
AI War 2
Alien Spidy
Aliens Vs Predator Collection
All You Can Eat
Almost There The Platformer
American Fugitive
Amnesia A Machine For Pigs + The Dark Descent (1 key for both games)
Amnesia Fortnight 2012
Amnesia Fortnight 2014
Amnesia Fortnight 2017
Amnesia Rebirth (X2)
Among Us (X2)
Ancestors The Humankind Odyssey (EU & Africa lock)
Aragami (X2)
Archamon
Armello
Army Men RTS
Attack Of The Earthlings
Automobilista
Aven Colony
Avernum 3 Ruined World
Azkend 2 The World Beneath
Back 4 Blood (EU region lock)
Backbone
Band Of Defenders
Banished
Baseball Riot
Batora Lost Haven NEW
Battlestar Galactica Deadlock
Beholder 2
Bendy And The Dark Revival
Bendy And The Ink Machine
Betrayer (delisted)
Between The Stars (X2)
Beyond Eyes
Beyond The Wire
Biomutant NEW
Bionic Commando
Bird Of Light
Black Paradox
Blade Assault
Blasphemous
Bohemian Killing
Book Of Demons
Bomber Crew Deluxe
Borderlands 3 + Director's Cut (EMEA region lock)
Boreal Blade
Broken Age (X2)
Brothers A Tale Of Two Sons (X2)
Butcher
Call Of Juarez
Call Of The Sea (X2)
Call To Arms Basic Edition
Call To Arms Gates Of Hell Ostfront
Car Mechanic Simulator 2018
Chenso Club
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Cities In Motion 2
CivCity Rome
Clone Drone In The Danger Zone
Clouds & Sheep 2
Coffin Dodgers
Cook Serve Delicious 3
Command & Conquer Remastered Collection (Origin key)
Company Of Heroes Complete Edition
Control Ultimate Edition NEW
Corridor Z
Cosmic Osmo And The World Beyond The Mackerel
Crash Drive 3
Creatures Inc
Crookz The Big Heist
Crossbow Bloodnight
Crusader Kings Complete
Crying Suns
Dagon The Eldritch Box
Danger Scavenger
Day Of Infamy
Dead Age
Dead By Daylight
Dead In Vinland
Deadly Premonition Director's Cut
Deadbeat Heroes (X2)
Dear Ester Landmark Edition
Death Squared
Deep Dungeons Of Doom
Deep Sky Derelicts
Demon Turf NEW
Deployment
Desert Child
Diaries Of A Spaceport Janitor
Dicey Dungeons (X2)
Dimension Drifter
Distraint 2 + Soundtrack
Divekick
Dog Sled Saga
Double Fine Adventures Complete Series Deluxe
Downwell
Drawful 2
Draw Slasher
Dreadlands
Dread Templar
Dread X Collection
Dreamscaper NEW
Driftland The Magic Revival
Dry Downing
Duke Nukem Forever Collection
Dungeon Marathon
Dungeon Of The Endless
Dungeons 2
Dungeons 2 Complete
Dungeons 3
Dusk
Dwarfs!?
Eador Imperium
EarthX
Eastside Hockey Manager
ECHO
Edge Of Eternity NEW
Effie
Elderborn
Eldest Souls
Elden Path Of The Forgotten
Embr
Emily Is Away
Empyrion Galactic Survival
Epic Manager
E.T. Armies Deluxe Edition
Etherborn (X2)
Euro Truck Simulator 2
Europa Universalis IV
Evergarden
Expeditions Viking
F1 2018 (delisted)
Family Man
Fantasy Blacksmith
Fantasy Versus
Farmer's Dynasty
Farming Simulator 17
FIA European Truck Racing
Figment (X2)
Finding Paradise
Fire Ungh's Quest
First Class Trouble
Five Dates
Fling To The Finish
Fluffy Horde
Fobia St. Dinfna Hotel
Forgive Me Father
Framed Collection (X2)
Friday the 13th: The Game (X2)
Frog Detective 1 The Haunted Island (X2)
Full Throttle Remastered
Fun With Ragdolls The Game
Fury Unleashed (X2)
Gang Beasts
Garage Bad Trip (X2)
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Gas Station Simulator
Gauge
Genesis Noir
Ghostrunner
Giana Sisters Twisted Dreams + Rise Of The Owlverlord
GNOG
Go Home Dinosaurs!
Goat Of Duty
Goetia (X2)
Going Under (X2)
Golden Light
Golf Gang
GoNNER
Gotham Knights
Grand Ages Medieval
Grand Pigeon's Duty
Greak Memories Of Azur
Gremlins Inc.
Grip Combat Racing + Cygon + Nyvoss + Terra + Vintek DLC (X2)
Guts And Glory (X2)
Hack'n'Slash
Haiku The Robot (X2)
Hamilton's Great Adventure
Hammerfight
Headlander
Heal
Hedon Bloodrite
Hell Let Loose
Hellblade Senua's Sacrifice NEW
Hello Neighbor
Hellbound
Hero Defense
Hero's Hour NEW (EU region lock)
Hexologic
Hidden & Dangerous Action Pack
Hidden & Dangerous 2 Courage Under Fire
Hive Jump (X2)
Hiveswap Act 2
Hiveswap Friend Sim
Hiveswap Friend Sim Complete
Homeworld Deserts Of Kharak
Hotshot Racing
Hot Tin Roof The Cat That Wore A Fedora
Hot Wheels Unleashed
Hover (X2)
Human Resource Machine
Hurtworld
I Am Bread
I Am Not A Monster First Contact
Ice Lakes
If Found...
Ikenfell
Impact Winter (delisted)
In Between
Industria
Inexistence Rebirth NEW
Infinite Air With Mark McMorris (delisted)
Influent NEW
Inmost
Internet Cafe Simulator
Interplanetary Enhanced Edition
Intruder
Ion Fury
Iron Danger
Iron Harvest
Jack Axe
Jalopy
Jet Set Knights
Juanito Arcade Mayhem
Jump Stars
Jurassic World Evolution
Jurassic World Evolution 2 NEW
Just Die Already
KartKraft
Kathy Rain Directors Cut
Keep Talking And Nobody Explodes (X2)
Kill To Collect
Kingdom Classic (X2)
Kingdom New Lands
Kingdoms Of Amalur Re-Reckoning Fate Edition
King Oddball
Labyrinthine NEW
Last Oasis
Last Tide
Lawn Mowing Simulator
Lead And Gold Gangs Of Wild West (X2)
Legacy Of Dorn Herald Of Oblivion (delisted)
Legend Of Keepers Career Of A Dungeon Master
LEGO Movie Videogame
Leisure Suit Larry Retro Bundle (1 to 7)
Lethal League Blaze
Liberated (GOG key)
Lifeless Planet Premium Edition
Light Fall
Little Big Workshop
Love Is Dead
Lust For Darkness
Lust From Beyond M Edition
Magicka
Magrunner Dark Pulse
Maid Of Sker
Main Assembly (X2)
Mainlining
Mars Horizon
Masquerade The Baubles Of Doom
Max Payne 3 (Rockstar Launcher)
Midnight Protocol
Mind Scanners
Mini Metro
Miscreated (X2)
Monster Crown NEW
Monster Train Collectors Edition
Moon Hunters
Morbid The Seven Acolytes
Mordhau
Mosaic
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Motorsport Manager
Mount And Blade Warband
Mountain
My Lovely Daughter
Nairi Tower Of Shirin
Naruto To Boruto Shinobi Striker
Nascar Heat 5 Ultimate
Nebuchadnezzar
NecroVisioN Lost Company
NecroWorn
Neighbours Back From Hell
Neo Cab
Neon Abyss
NeuroVoider
Neverout
Niche
Nickelodeon All Star Brawl (X2)
Ninjin Clash Of Carrots
No Time To Relax
Not Tonight
Numba Deluxe
Obduction
Observation
Octahedron
Odyssey The Story Of Science
Of Orcs And Men
Old School Musical
OlliOlli World Rad Edition
On Rusty Trails
One Finger Death Punch 2
Onikira Demon Killer
Orbital Racer
Orcs Must Die 2 Complete
Original War
Orwell Ignorance Is Strength
Out Of Reach Treasure Royal
Overlord II
Overpass
Override Mech City Brawl
Oxenfree
Pacer
Paint The Town Red
Paper Fire Rookie
Paradise Lost
Pathfinder Wrath Of The Righteous
Pathologic 2
Path Of Giants
Paw Paw Paw
Payday 2 + Big Mike mask
Peaky Blinders Mastermind (delisted)
Penarium
People Playground (X2)
Perfect Heist 2
PGA Tour 2K21 (X2)
Phoenix Point Year One Edition
Pikuniku
Pine
Pinstripe (X2)
Pixplode
Plane Mechanic Simulator
Playne The Meditation Game
Poöf
Popup Dungeon
Post Void
Pound Of Ground (X2)
PowerSlave Exhumed
Prehistoric Kingdom
Primal Carnage Extinction (X2)
Project Cars GOTY (delisted)
Project Hospital
Project Warlock
Propnight NEW
Pumped BMX+
Punch Club
Purrfect Date
Quest Of Dungeons
RAD (X2)
Radio Commander
Rad Rodgers Radical Edition
Railroad Tycoon 2
Railroad Tycoon 3
Railway Empire
Raji An Ancient Epic
Rebel Cops
Rec Center Tycoon
Red Faction Armageddon
Red Solstice 2 Survivors
Redeemer Enhanced Edition
Redout Enhanced Edition
Re-Legion
Relicta
Remothered Broken Porcelain
Resident Evil 4
Resident Evil 5 Gold Edition
Resident Evil 6
Resident Evil Revelations (X2)
Resident Evil Revelation 2 Deluxe Edition
Retimed
Retrowave
Reventure
Ring Of Pain
Rings Of Saturn
Riot Civil Unrest
Rise Of Industry
Rise Of Insanity
Riven The Sequel To MYST
Roarr! The Adventures Of Rampage Rex
Roboquest
Rogue Heroes Ruins Of Tasos
Rogue Lords NEW
Rogue Stormers
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RPG Maker VX
Rustler
Sable NEW
Salt And Sanctuary
Satellite Reign
Satisfactory
Saturday Morning RPG
Say No! More
SCP 5K NEW
SCUM (X2)
ScourgeBringer
Serious Sam 2
Serious Sam BFE (X2)
Serious Sam Classics Revolution
Serious Sam Double D XXL
Serious Sam HD The First & Second Encounter (1 key for both)
Serious Sam HD The Second Encounter Legend Of The Beast
Serious Sam HD The Second Encounter Serious 8
Serious Sam Kamikaze Attack
Serious Sam The Random Encounter
Serious Sam Bogus Detour
Shadow Tactics Aiko's Choice
Shady Part Of Me
She Remembered Caterpillars
She Will Punish Them
Shing!
Shock Troopers
Shogun's Empire Hex Commander NEW
Shuyan Saga
Sid Meier's Civilization VI
Sid Meier's Railroads
Simulacra Collection
Skullgirls 2nd Encore
Skully
Slay The Spire
Slime Rancher
Slinger VR
Smoke And Sacrifice (X2)
Sniper Elite V2 Remastered
Sniper Elite 4 Deluxe + Season Pass
SOMA
Song Of Iron
Soulblight
Spacebase DF-9
Space Hulk Ascension (delisted)
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Spellcaster University
Spelunx And The Caves Of Mr. Seudo
Stacking
Starsand (X2)
Star Wars Jedi Knight Jedi Academy
Star Wars Knights Of The Old Republic
Stasis
State Of Decay 2 Juggernaut Edition (X2)
State Of Mind
Steel Rats
Stick Fight The Game (X3)
Stories Untold
Streets Of Fury EX
Strider
Struggling
Stubbs The Zombie
Styx Shards Of Darkness
Submerged Hidden Depths
Suchart Genius Artist Simulator
Super Indie Carts
Super Magbot
Supraland
SurrounDead (X2)
Surviving The Aftermath
Suzerain
Swag And Sorcery
Sword Legacy Omen
Swords And Soldiers 2 Shawarmageddon
Swords And Souls Neverseen (X2)
Syberia II
Syberia 3 Deluxe Edition
Syberia The World Before NEW
Syndrome
System Shock Enhanced Edition
Table Manners The Physics-Based Dating Game
Tabletop Playground
Tacoma
Take On Helicopters
Tales From Candlekeep Tomb Of Annihilation (delisted)
Tales Of Monkey Island Complete
Talisman Digital Edition + City,Frostmarch,Sacred Pool (trading only as a bundle)
Talisman Origins
Tank Mechanic Simulator
Tannenberg
Telefrag VR
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Tennis In The Face
Tennis World Tour (X2)
Tesla Vs Lovecraft
Tharsis (X2)
The Amazing American Circus
The Ambassador Fractured Timelines
The Adventure Pals
The Battle Of Polytopia
The Battle Of Polytopia Moonrise Deluxe
The Blackout Club NEW
The Count Lucador
The Dark Pictures Anthology Little Hope
The Dark Pictures Anthology Man Of Medan
The Free Ones (delisted)
The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour
theHunter Call Of The Wild (X3)
The Journey Down Chapter Three
The King Of Fighters 2002 Unlimited Match
The Last Blade
The Long Dark Survival Edition (X2)
The Manhole Masterpiece Edition
The Mims Beginning
The Mortuary Assistant NEW
The Night Of The Rabbit
The Serpent Rogue
The Signifier Director's Cut
The Textorcist The Story of Ray Bibbia (X2)
The Uncertain Last Quiet Day (X2)
The USB Stick Found In The Grass
The Walking Dead Season 1 + 400 Days
The Wild Eight (X2)
Them And Us NEW
There Is No Game Wrong Dimension
They Bleed Pixels
Think Of The Children
This War Of Mine
Thronebreaker The Witcher Tales
THOTH
Through The Darkest Of Times
Timeshift
Time Recoil
Titan Quest Anniversary
Toejam & Earl Back In The Groove
TOEM
Tohu
Tools Up
Tooth And Tail (X2)
Torchlight (X2)
Total Tank Simulator
Toto Temple Deluxe
Tower Of Time (X2)
Tower Unite
Townscaper (X2)
Townsmen A Kingdom Rebuilt
Toybox Turbos
Tracks The Train Set Game
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator (X2)
Tribes Of Midgard
Tropico 4
True Fear Forsaken Souls Part 1
Tyranny Deluxe Edition
Ultra Street Fighter IV
Unexplored
Unloved
Unmetal
Unshaded NEW
Vambrace Cold Soul
Vane
Velocibox
Verdun (X2)
Vikings Wolves Of Midgard
Visage NEW
Volcanoids (X2)
V Rally 4
Wanderlust Travel Stories (GOG key)
Wandersong
Warhammer End Times Vermintide
Warlock Master Of The Arcane
Warpips
Warsaw
Wasteland 2 Director's Cut
We Are The Dwarves
We Should Talk
West Of Dead
Western Press
We Were Here Together
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong
Where The Water Tastes Like Wine
While True: Learn() Chief Technology Officer Edition
White Day: A Labyrinth Named School
Wooden Sen'SeY
Worms Rumble + Legends DLC
Wrath Aeon Of Ruin
XCOM Complete Pack
XCOM Ultimate Collection
Xenoraid The First Space War
X Morph Defense + European Assault + Last Bastion + Survival Of The Fittest (1 key for all)
XIII Classic
Xuan-Yuan Sword The Gate Of Firmament
Yet Another Zombie Defense HD
Ylands Exploration Pack
Yoku's Island Express
Yooka-Laylee And The Impossible Lair
Zack 2 Celestine's Map
ZIC Zombies In City NEW
Zombie Kill Of The Week Reborn


DONT TRY TO SEND A PM BEFORE YOU POST IN THIS TOPIC - WILL NOT DEAL WITH YOU!
submitted by dinkomaricic to indiegameswap [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 14:43 dinkomaricic [H] Pathfinder WotR, Hell Let Loose, SCUM, Gotham Knights, Back 4 Blood, ETS2, Obduction, State Of Decay 2 Juggernaut, Tower Unite, Man Of Medan & Little Hope, Friday 13th, Satisfactory, Mordhau, Empyrion, Kartkraft, Call To Arms, Slay The Spire & 100's more [W] Wishlist, Paypal (EU)

I'm from EU,so GAMES SHOULD work pretty much anywhere
NOT BUYING GAMES,ONLY TRADES - games for games or selling for paypal
No interest in TF2 keys
BUYER covers the FEES (if outside EU,EU F&F only)
My Steam account so you don't offer me something I own
My Wishlist
My SGSRep
My IGSRep


Only looking for Steam games - so don't offer origin,uplay,rockstar,bnet or ANY other launcher
100% of my games keys are bought by me from official stores & I expect the same in return,so don't offer me keyshop games or game keys you got in a trade as I will decline
I retain the right to ask for proof of ownership for ANY game I want - just like you have the right to ask me the same
Don't offer me VR games as I don't own a VR headset


List of games I have:
Also have the Earthquake Relief bundle,but reddit wont let me write all the games cause my topic would be too big - just ask
7 Billion Humans
8Doors Arum's Afterlife Adventure
10 Second Ninja X
60 Seconds!
112 Operator
140
198X
911 Operator
A Case Of Distrust
A Year Of Rain
Absolver
Aeolis Tournament
Age Of Wonders III
Ageless
Airport CEO
AI War 2
Alien Spidy
Aliens Vs Predator Collection
All You Can Eat
Almost There The Platformer
American Fugitive
Amnesia A Machine For Pigs + The Dark Descent (1 key for both games)
Amnesia Fortnight 2012
Amnesia Fortnight 2014
Amnesia Fortnight 2017
Amnesia Rebirth (X2)
Among Us (X2)
Ancestors The Humankind Odyssey (EU & Africa lock)
Aragami (X2)
Archamon
Armello
Army Men RTS
Attack Of The Earthlings
Automobilista
Aven Colony
Avernum 3 Ruined World
Azkend 2 The World Beneath
Back 4 Blood (EU region lock)
Backbone
Band Of Defenders
Banished
Baseball Riot
Batora Lost Haven NEW
Battlestar Galactica Deadlock
Beholder 2
Bendy And The Dark Revival
Bendy And The Ink Machine
Betrayer (delisted)
Between The Stars (X2)
Beyond Eyes
Beyond The Wire
Biomutant NEW
Bionic Commando
Bird Of Light
Black Paradox
Blade Assault
Blasphemous
Bohemian Killing
Book Of Demons
Bomber Crew Deluxe
Borderlands 3 + Director's Cut (EMEA region lock)
Boreal Blade
Broken Age (X2)
Brothers A Tale Of Two Sons (X2)
Butcher
Call Of Juarez
Call Of The Sea (X2)
Call To Arms Basic Edition
Call To Arms Gates Of Hell Ostfront
Car Mechanic Simulator 2018
Chenso Club
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Cities In Motion 2
CivCity Rome
Clone Drone In The Danger Zone
Clouds & Sheep 2
Coffin Dodgers
Cook Serve Delicious 3
Command & Conquer Remastered Collection (Origin key)
Company Of Heroes Complete Edition
Control Ultimate Edition NEW
Corridor Z
Cosmic Osmo And The World Beyond The Mackerel
Crash Drive 3
Creatures Inc
Crookz The Big Heist
Crossbow Bloodnight
Crusader Kings Complete
Crying Suns
Dagon The Eldritch Box
Danger Scavenger
Day Of Infamy
Dead Age
Dead In Vinland
Deadly Premonition Director's Cut
Deadbeat Heroes (X2)
Dear Ester Landmark Edition
Death Squared
Deep Dungeons Of Doom
Deep Sky Derelicts
Demon Turf NEW
Deployment
Desert Child
Diaries Of A Spaceport Janitor
Dicey Dungeons (X2)
Dimension Drifter
Distraint 2 + Soundtrack
Divekick
Dog Sled Saga
Double Fine Adventures Complete Series Deluxe
Downwell
Drawful 2
Draw Slasher
Dreadlands
Dread Templar
Dread X Collection
Dreamscaper NEW
Driftland The Magic Revival
Dry Downing
Duke Nukem Forever Collection
Dungeon Marathon
Dungeon Of The Endless
Dungeons 2
Dungeons 2 Complete
Dungeons 3
Dusk
Dwarfs!?
Eador Imperium
EarthX
Eastside Hockey Manager
ECHO
Edge Of Eternity NEW
Effie
Elderborn
Eldest Souls
Elden Path Of The Forgotten
Embr
Emily Is Away
Empyrion Galactic Survival
Epic Manager
E.T. Armies Deluxe Edition
Etherborn (X2)
Euro Truck Simulator 2
Europa Universalis IV
Evergarden
Expeditions Viking
F1 2018 (delisted)
Family Man
Fantasy Blacksmith
Fantasy Versus
Farmer's Dynasty
Farming Simulator 17
FIA European Truck Racing
Figment (X2)
Finding Paradise
Fire Ungh's Quest
First Class Trouble
Five Dates
Fling To The Finish
Fluffy Horde
Fobia St. Dinfna Hotel
Forgive Me Father
Framed Collection (X2)
Friday the 13th: The Game (X2)
Frog Detective 1 The Haunted Island (X2)
Full Throttle Remastered
Fun With Ragdolls The Game
Fury Unleashed (X2)
Gang Beasts
Garage Bad Trip (X2)
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Gas Station Simulator
Gauge
Genesis Noir
Ghostrunner
Giana Sisters Twisted Dreams + Rise Of The Owlverlord
GNOG
Go Home Dinosaurs!
Goat Of Duty
Goetia (X2)
Going Under (X2)
Golden Light
Golf Gang
GoNNER
Gotham Knights
Grand Ages Medieval
Grand Pigeon's Duty
Greak Memories Of Azur
Gremlins Inc.
Grip Combat Racing + Cygon + Nyvoss + Terra + Vintek DLC (X2)
Guts And Glory (X2)
Hack'n'Slash
Haiku The Robot (X2)
Hamilton's Great Adventure
Hammerfight
Headlander
Heal
Hedon Bloodrite
Hell Let Loose
Hellblade Senua's Sacrifice NEW
Hello Neighbor
Hellbound
Hero Defense
Hero's Hour NEW (EU region lock)
Hexologic
Hidden & Dangerous Action Pack
Hidden & Dangerous 2 Courage Under Fire
Hive Jump (X2)
Hiveswap Act 2
Hiveswap Friend Sim
Hiveswap Friend Sim Complete
Homeworld Deserts Of Kharak
Hotshot Racing
Hot Tin Roof The Cat That Wore A Fedora
Hot Wheels Unleashed
Hover (X2)
Human Resource Machine
Hurtworld
I Am Bread
I Am Not A Monster First Contact
Ice Lakes
If Found...
Ikenfell
Impact Winter (delisted)
In Between
Industria
Inexistence Rebirth NEW
Infinite Air With Mark McMorris (delisted)
Influent NEW
Inmost
Internet Cafe Simulator
Interplanetary Enhanced Edition
Intruder
Ion Fury
Iron Danger
Iron Harvest
Jack Axe
Jalopy
Jet Set Knights
Juanito Arcade Mayhem
Jump Stars
Jurassic World Evolution
Jurassic World Evolution 2 NEW
Just Die Already
KartKraft
Kathy Rain Directors Cut
Keep Talking And Nobody Explodes (X2)
Kill To Collect
Kingdom Classic (X2)
Kingdom New Lands
Kingdoms Of Amalur Re-Reckoning Fate Edition
King Oddball
Labyrinthine NEW
Last Oasis
Last Tide
Lawn Mowing Simulator
Lead And Gold Gangs Of Wild West (X2)
Legacy Of Dorn Herald Of Oblivion (delisted)
Legend Of Keepers Career Of A Dungeon Master
LEGO Movie Videogame
Leisure Suit Larry Retro Bundle (1 to 7)
Lethal League Blaze
Liberated (GOG key)
Lifeless Planet Premium Edition
Light Fall
Little Big Workshop
Love Is Dead
Lust For Darkness
Lust From Beyond M Edition
Magicka
Magrunner Dark Pulse
Maid Of Sker
Main Assembly (X2)
Mainlining
Mars Horizon
Masquerade The Baubles Of Doom
Max Payne 3 (Rockstar Launcher)
Midnight Protocol
Mind Scanners
Mini Metro
Miscreated (X2)
Monster Crown NEW
Monster Train Collectors Edition
Moon Hunters
Morbid The Seven Acolytes
Mordhau
Mosaic
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Motorsport Manager
Mount And Blade Warband
Mountain
My Lovely Daughter
Nairi Tower Of Shirin
Naruto To Boruto Shinobi Striker
Nascar Heat 5 Ultimate
Nebuchadnezzar
NecroVisioN Lost Company
NecroWorn
Neighbours Back From Hell
Neo Cab
Neon Abyss
NeuroVoider
Neverout
Niche
Nickelodeon All Star Brawl (X2)
Ninjin Clash Of Carrots
No Time To Relax
Not Tonight
Numba Deluxe
Obduction
Observation
Octahedron
Odyssey The Story Of Science
Of Orcs And Men
Old School Musical
OlliOlli World Rad Edition
On Rusty Trails
One Finger Death Punch 2
Onikira Demon Killer
Orbital Racer
Orcs Must Die 2 Complete
Original War
Orwell Ignorance Is Strength
Out Of Reach Treasure Royal
Overlord II
Overpass
Override Mech City Brawl
Oxenfree
Pacer
Paint The Town Red
Paper Fire Rookie
Paradise Lost
Pathfinder Wrath Of The Righteous
Pathologic 2
Path Of Giants
Paw Paw Paw
Payday 2 + Big Mike mask
Peaky Blinders Mastermind (delisted)
Penarium
People Playground (X2)
Perfect Heist 2
PGA Tour 2K21 (X2)
Phoenix Point Year One Edition
Pikuniku
Pine
Pinstripe (X2)
Pixplode
Plane Mechanic Simulator
Playne The Meditation Game
Poöf
Popup Dungeon
Post Void
Pound Of Ground (X2)
PowerSlave Exhumed
Prehistoric Kingdom
Primal Carnage Extinction (X2)
Project Cars GOTY (delisted)
Project Hospital
Project Warlock
Propnight NEW
Pumped BMX+
Punch Club
Purrfect Date
Quest Of Dungeons
RAD (X2)
Radio Commander
Rad Rodgers Radical Edition
Railroad Tycoon 2
Railroad Tycoon 3
Railway Empire
Raji An Ancient Epic
Rebel Cops
Rec Center Tycoon
Red Faction Armageddon
Red Solstice 2 Survivors
Redeemer Enhanced Edition
Redout Enhanced Edition
Re-Legion
Relicta
Remothered Broken Porcelain
Resident Evil 4
Resident Evil 5 Gold Edition
Resident Evil 6
Resident Evil Revelations (X2)
Resident Evil Revelation 2 Deluxe Edition
Retimed
Retrowave
Reventure
Ring Of Pain
Rings Of Saturn
Riot Civil Unrest
Rise Of Industry
Rise Of Insanity
Riven The Sequel To MYST
Roarr! The Adventures Of Rampage Rex
Roboquest
Rogue Heroes Ruins Of Tasos
Rogue Lords NEW
Rogue Stormers
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RPG Maker VX
Rustler
Sable NEW
Salt And Sanctuary
Satellite Reign
Satisfactory
Saturday Morning RPG
Say No! More
SCP 5K NEW
SCUM (X2)
ScourgeBringer
Serious Sam 2
Serious Sam BFE (X2)
Serious Sam Classics Revolution
Serious Sam Double D XXL
Serious Sam HD The First & Second Encounter (1 key for both)
Serious Sam HD The Second Encounter Legend Of The Beast
Serious Sam HD The Second Encounter Serious 8
Serious Sam Kamikaze Attack
Serious Sam The Random Encounter
Serious Sam Bogus Detour
Shadow Tactics Aiko's Choice
Shady Part Of Me
She Remembered Caterpillars
She Will Punish Them
Shing!
Shock Troopers
Shogun's Empire Hex Commander NEW
Shuyan Saga
Sid Meier's Civilization VI
Sid Meier's Railroads
Simulacra Collection
Skullgirls 2nd Encore
Skully
Slay The Spire
Slime Rancher
Slinger VR
Smoke And Sacrifice (X2)
Sniper Elite V2 Remastered
Sniper Elite 4 Deluxe + Season Pass
SOMA
Song Of Iron
Soulblight
Spacebase DF-9
Space Hulk Ascension (delisted)
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Spellcaster University
Spelunx And The Caves Of Mr. Seudo
Stacking
Starsand (X2)
Star Wars Jedi Knight Jedi Academy
Star Wars Knights Of The Old Republic
Stasis
State Of Decay 2 Juggernaut Edition (X2)
State Of Mind
Steel Rats
Stick Fight The Game (X3)
Stories Untold
Streets Of Fury EX
Strider
Struggling
Stubbs The Zombie
Styx Shards Of Darkness
Submerged Hidden Depths
Suchart Genius Artist Simulator
Super Indie Carts
Super Magbot
Supraland
SurrounDead (X2)
Surviving The Aftermath
Suzerain
Swag And Sorcery
Sword Legacy Omen
Swords And Soldiers 2 Shawarmageddon
Swords And Souls Neverseen (X2)
Syberia II
Syberia 3 Deluxe Edition
Syberia The World Before NEW
Syndrome
System Shock Enhanced Edition
Table Manners The Physics-Based Dating Game
Tabletop Playground
Tacoma
Take On Helicopters
Tales From Candlekeep Tomb Of Annihilation (delisted)
Tales Of Monkey Island Complete
Talisman Digital Edition + City,Frostmarch,Sacred Pool (trading only as a bundle)
Talisman Origins
Tank Mechanic Simulator
Tannenberg
Telefrag VR
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Tennis In The Face
Tennis World Tour (X2)
Tesla Vs Lovecraft
Tharsis (X2)
The Amazing American Circus
The Ambassador Fractured Timelines
The Adventure Pals
The Battle Of Polytopia
The Battle Of Polytopia Moonrise Deluxe
The Blackout Club NEW
The Count Lucador
The Dark Pictures Anthology Little Hope
The Dark Pictures Anthology Man Of Medan
The Free Ones (delisted)
The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour
theHunter Call Of The Wild (X3)
The Journey Down Chapter Three
The King Of Fighters 2002 Unlimited Match
The Last Blade
The Long Dark Survival Edition (X2)
The Manhole Masterpiece Edition
The Mims Beginning
The Mortuary Assistant NEW
The Night Of The Rabbit
The Serpent Rogue
The Signifier Director's Cut
The Textorcist The Story of Ray Bibbia (X2)
The Uncertain Last Quiet Day (X2)
The USB Stick Found In The Grass
The Walking Dead Season 1 + 400 Days
The Wild Eight (X2)
Them And Us NEW
There Is No Game Wrong Dimension
They Bleed Pixels
Think Of The Children
This War Of Mine
Thronebreaker The Witcher Tales
THOTH
Through The Darkest Of Times
Timeshift
Time Recoil
Titan Quest Anniversary
Toejam & Earl Back In The Groove
TOEM
Tohu
Tools Up
Tooth And Tail (X2)
Torchlight (X2)
Total Tank Simulator
Toto Temple Deluxe
Tower Of Time (X2)
Tower Unite
Townscaper (X2)
Townsmen A Kingdom Rebuilt
Toybox Turbos
Tracks The Train Set Game
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator (X2)
Tropico 4
True Fear Forsaken Souls Part 1
Tyranny Deluxe Edition
Ultra Street Fighter IV
Unexplored
Unloved
Unmetal
Unshaded NEW
Vambrace Cold Soul
Vane
Velocibox
Verdun (X2)
Vikings Wolves Of Midgard
Visage NEW
Volcanoids (X2)
V Rally 4
Wanderlust Travel Stories (GOG key)
Wandersong
Warhammer End Times Vermintide
Warlock Master Of The Arcane
Warpips
Warsaw
Wasteland 2 Director's Cut
We Are The Dwarves
We Should Talk
West Of Dead
Western Press
We Were Here Together
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong
Where The Water Tastes Like Wine
While True: Learn() Chief Technology Officer Edition
White Day: A Labyrinth Named School
Wooden Sen'SeY
Worms Rumble + Legends DLC
Wrath Aeon Of Ruin
XCOM Complete Pack
XCOM Ultimate Collection
Xenoraid The First Space War
X Morph Defense + European Assault + Last Bastion + Survival Of The Fittest (1 key for all)
XIII Classic
Xuan-Yuan Sword The Gate Of Firmament
Yet Another Zombie Defense HD
Ylands Exploration Pack
Yoku's Island Express
Yooka-Laylee And The Impossible Lair
Zack 2 Celestine's Map
ZIC Zombies In City NEW
Zombie Kill Of The Week Reborn


DONT TRY TO SEND A PM BEFORE YOU POST IN THIS TOPIC - WILL NOT DEAL WITH YOU!
submitted by dinkomaricic to SteamGameSwap [link] [comments]


2023.03.28 12:49 Alaazaal96 CULTURE AND SIGHTSEEING IN AQABA

Jordan’s lone coastal city, which also serves as the nation’s sole seaport, is located on the Gulf of Aqaba. Aqaba sees a fair amount of tourists being the gateway city to the well-known Wadi Rum desert landscapes and is known for having a diverse marine life in its warm Red Sea waters. Aqaba is a coastal town with Jordanian charm that is located on the southernmost tip of Jordan, about 4 hours from the country’s capital of Amman. Aqaba is a lovely addition to the urban charm of Amman, offering the neighborhood bars, water sports, and a historical flare for those seeking to travel back in time.
THE EARLY ISLAMIC CITY OF AYLA
About 650 AD, the Rashedi Caliph Othaman Ben Afan founded the early Islamic city of Ayla, which is noteworthy for being the first Islamic city to be established outside of the Arabian Peninsula. It operated as a port for neighboring Palestine and a storage facility for the Hejaz. On their trip to Mecca, Egyptian pilgrims once made a halt in Ayla, which was a significant location. Nowadays, you can still see the ruins of the city walls, gates, a sizable mosque, and other structures right in the middle of Aqaba’s coastal hotel sector. The location is clearly recognized and contains panels with facts about its significance and history. https://jordan-travel.com/culture-in-aqaba/
AQABA CASTLE
The early 16th century is when the Mamluk stronghold was constructed, according to an ancient inscription. The entryway is flanked by semi-circular towers, and the Hashemite family crest is visible above it. Visitors to the resort may easily access and are near to the excavation of the medieval city of Ayla.
It is accessible at any time of day. Every street in Aqaba has a story to tell. Jordan’s history may be seen at the Aqaba Fort. It was first found in the area where Mamluke Sultan Qanswah el-Ghawri reigned (1501–1517 AD). The fort was utilized and updated by a number of historical dynasties, including the Mamluks and Ottomans.
Early Church at Aqaba
Archaeologists in Aqaba have discovered what they think to be the world’s oldest church, dating from the late third century AD, in one of the most intriguing recent findings. It predates both the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, both of which were built in the fourth century. The church, which is located on a parcel of land to the east of Istiklal Street, has been backfilled with dirt for security.
AQABA CULTURAL CENTRE
The early 16th century is when the Mamluk stronghold was constructed, according to an ancient inscription. The entryway is flanked by semi-circular towers, and the Hashemite family crest is visible above it. Visitors to the resort may see the old city of Ayla’s excavation near Aqaba. It is accessible at any time of day.
AQABA ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM
The Sherif Hussein Bin Ali residence in Aqaba is home to the Aqaba Archaeological Museum, which welcomed visitors in 1990. Today, it is home to a significant collection from the Islamic site of Ayla, which dates to the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid periods, i.e., the Islamic periods from the middle of the 7th to the beginning of the 12th century AD.
ARAB REVOLT PLAZA
The Great Arab Rebellion Plaza serves as the culmination of your tour of Aqaba’s historic landmarks. This enormous area is said to be the perfect getaway for tourists since it’s a terrific place to unwind and take in views of the middle beach. The Plaza’s historical significance is what makes it so significant. It embraces the Great Arab Revolt banner and Al Hussein Bin Ali’s home, the Arab Revolution’s leader. Being the first Jordanian territory that the forces of the revolution under Al Sharif Hussein bin Ali set foot on, it carries a profoundly significant national connotation. Moreover, it was the location of the first shot fired during the Arab Uprising.
SHARIF HUSSEIN BIN ALI MOSQUE
Hussein bin Ali, who presided as Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 until 1917, is honored by having the mosque bear his name. During the First World War, Al Sharif Hussein Bin Ali, who is credited with starting the Arab Revolt, fought against the Ottoman Empire’s growing nationalism. https://jordan-travel.com/culture-in-aqaba/
Al Hussein Bin Ali mosque is a symbol of Islamic architecture and a stirring sight among the bustle of city life with its immaculate white construction, exquisite glass windows, and rising minarets. Among the mosques in Jordan, it also has the biggest dome. For the people of Aqaba, it serves as their primary mosque. The city’s everyday life is observed at its most serene and pious during visitors’ peaceful strolls around the exquisite interior. https://jordan-travel.com/culture-in-aqaba/
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2023.03.28 07:16 Righteous_Fury224 Sympathy for a Succubus - Meridiana’s Story. Part 1

📷OCOC
A/N - I fell down a Rabbit Hole last night, learning about Pope Sylvester II who was an amazing polymath of his time, writing books about Mathematics and promoting the study of Arabic Math and reviving the knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
The thing that intrigued me the most, from a writers perspective, was that he claimed that he was seduced by a Succubus he called Meridiana who helped him in his rise to power, eventually assuming the Papal throne.
This is her story.
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Being trapped in a cell in hell seems to be a boring, well used trope these days.
The thing is though, if the being inside the cell is a demon that should be doing the trapping and torture… yes, that is me. Oh the irony! Oh the shame! Oh how fucking boring!
Oh and where are my manners these days? Pardon me!
Please allow me to introduce myself, I am a Succubus of little wealth and lavish tastes. An ancient demon from the dawn of time.
My name is Meridiana and I have been a prisoner here in the wretched place for, as near as I can guess, ten centuries of normal universal time. All because I let my prey’s soul escape.
Senior Management look down on that sort of thing as the intended victim was a Pope! I had Gerbert of Aurillac or as he later became known, Pope Sylvester II, wrapped around my finger. Yet the wily pest infested priest avoided his fate of eternal damnation by being a shrewd, cunning and extremely powerful adept in the arts of sorcery and magic. And he confessed all at the end of his life which unburdened his soul allowing him peace in his afterlife, escaping his true fate of eternal damnation like most of his kind end up receiving, priests that is, vile hate filled creatures that they are. Only a few could be considered truly good human beings.
So my failure damned me instead. Senior Management had me tortured and imprisoned here in this miserable, vile, despicable cell, constantly tormented by lesser demons. It was laughable.
To be perfectly honest with you, it was a welcome break from having to deal with all of the ridiculous politics and ludicrous, absurd quotas the upper echelon were constantly mandating all the time of the rest of the demonic workforce. Anyway, I digress…
Time in the parallel dimension humanity calls Hell is an abstract. Things happen, that is undeniable, events progress, actions are taken and have consequences and reactions but still… time just is not a constant as it is in the universe. Time’s Arrow is a real phenomena there and all who exist in the universe are subject to it’s uncaring mercy. Yet although I say that from the comfort of my cell, which is quite luxurious I must say, I still remember feeling the passage of Time from my occasions when I was in the universe at large.
Now it was yet another ordinary ‘day’, my scheduled torture (I call them massages) was due and I was reading an obscure text that Gerbert had written on mathematics, ‘Libellus de Rationali et Ratione Uti’, a work I may add that I helped that ungrateful conniving shyster write as the man was as ignorant as a pig in shit yet had the spark of knowledge and the yearning for learning in his beautiful mind. He knew he needed to understand and was aware of how much had been lost since the collapse of the empire in western Europe. Gerbert was also supremely aware that it was his own Church that had halted learning, banned the study of the sciences, of math and philosophy. They called it Heresy, using that as a method of control over the ignorant barbarians and peasantry who were flooding the empire at the time. It was pure genius. Even Senior Management were impressed but Yahweh was always the most deviously tricky bastard. He had hoodwinked humanity three times and now rested on his laurels.
So as I sat on my bench which was also my bed (I didn’t really need sleep here but sometimes a nap is incredibly restorative) and listened to the screams of the damned off in the background, I started to feel a pull upon my body, something I had not felt for a thousand years.
My jailer, a lesser demon often known as a Dretch, a bloated bellied, spindly limbed creature with the most stupid visages one could curse upon a being, shambled over to my cell.
“It is your scheduled torture time Meri’,” it slurred through is misshapen mouth as it leered me at in the mistaken belief that I would be intimidated by this pathetic creature.
“Hmm… I don’t think so you miserable, insignificant, worthless speck of shit.”
The Dretch’ eyes opened in surprise at my defiance. The foul being’s expression grew more shocked and apprehensive as an aura of bright green light began to envelope me.
A resonate voice called from across the void. It was in a language that I had never heard before yet I completely understood it.
“I summon you Meridiana, I summon you Meridiana, I summon you Meridiana, come to me, hear my call!”
The repetition of the call of three was powerful. The pull upon my very being was seductive, cloying and oh so welcome.
“I ACCEPT!” I yelled back in triumph. A summons, even if a demon was imprisoned, could be ignored but why the fuck should I do that? This was my chance and I was taking it! I was so out of here!
The Dretch tried to trigger the alarm but it was far too slow and clumsy. I used a fraction of my power to trip the dullard demon over, wrapping a small amount of force around it’s embarrassingly skinny legs, causing it to plant it’s face painfully onto the stone floor. That gave me a modicum of satisfaction.
“I ACCEPT! I ACCEPT!” I screamed joyously completing the thrice call and refrain of the summoning.
Now I know that you who are reading this are almost certainly human so let me relate what it feels like being pulled from one dimension to another. Think of it like the most irritating, unstoppable, incredibly powerful sneeze that you have ever experienced, them multiply that by a factor of twelve. Do the math if you pathetic mortals are capable… heh. You all know what an unstoppable sneeze feels like, it can not be resisted with any amount of comfort. Traveling inter-dimensionally is like that.
One moment I was in my cell within the dimension that humans call hell, the next I was in a large well-lit stone room, enclosed within a large summoning circle.
I sneezed. Loudly.
“Bless you,” were the next words I heard.
I looked up in shock. No human has ever called a benediction down upon me. Such things were unheard of.
Before me was a man, not a particular impressive specimen to be honest. I gazed upon my summoner with a critical eye. He was of average height ( I later learned that in human measurements he was 171 centimetres tall). The man had some sort of lenses over his eyes, encased in a wire frame that travelled over the bridge of his nose and had a pair of arms that lay across the top of his ears. His light brown hair was receding, his cheeks and chin were covered in grey stubble and he looked like he was a little overweight, slightly pudgy with a soft aspect to his body shape. He appeared that he had been fitter in his past but had let himself go to softness.
The Magus was not dressed as I would have expected. He was wearing what appeared to be a short blue coloured tunic with a strange picture and writing on the front which I could not discern its meaning currently. The truncated tunic went down to just above his waistline and barely past his shoulders, maybe coming just past the halfway mark of his upper arms. He wore trousers of some soft material I was unfamiliar with and a pair of very comfortable looking, exceedingly well made black felt shoes.
What intrigued me the most were his eyes. They were the brightest Sea Green I had ever seen in a human, coloured with tiny flecks of hazel. They held an intensity and gleam of power that I had only ever seen once before in man, that of Gerbert’s. I must be vigilant with this Magus.
“Thank you for the blessing but it is not necessary nor wanted. So you have summoned me. What now mortal? Do you intend to bind me to your will, demand my service and subjugation?” I unfurled my huge leathery wings cautiously, so as not to touch the unseen barrier that held me within the summoning circle, stood to my full height of 224 centimeters and folded my arms. My tail swished behind me. I gave out the must demure, seductive smile I could, tilting my chin low and gazing back at the man with the promise of unearthly carnal pleasures in my expression. My eyes glowed with their inner fire, hoping to dazzle the mortal.
Gazing about my surroundings for a moment, I took in the alien strangeness of it all. I was in a stone room (I later learned it was called concrete – something the Romans had invented but the medieval religious dullards had forgotten). The room was large, being over thirty foot in length and some 18 feet in width. Not far from my summoning circle was the most peculiar form of… chariot or cart I had ever seen. A metal and glass box on wheels that were not made of wood, rather rimmed by a black looking substance I had never seen before. The interior of the wheels were made of the brightest shiny metal, bifurcated with even spaced holes. Inside the bizarre chariot were seats and in the front, on one side set into the front, was a large wheel. All around the rest of the room where shelves full of neatly stacked items I had no idea as to what they might be. On one wall stood a large, tall metallic box with double doors on the front. This was all so intriguing and interesting. The man then spoke, taking me out of my musings of my surroundings,
“Nope. In fact I am going to release you now. Just know that you cannot harm me, possess, charm or dominate me with your power. Look at the circle. It is entirely made with my blood. I have bound you completely to me. If I come to harm and die, you go straight back to hell. So it is in your interests to keep me alive as best you can. I do not command or demand this, just telling you the facts so we fully understand each other.”
I gawped back at the human and stared down at the circle in mounting horror. He was right, it was entirely made of blood. I deeply inhaled and aside from the strange and unknown smells in this room which I soon learned was his basement garage. I could easily smell his essence that had bound me, body and soul, to him. Oh yes, we demons have souls too. Just small ones that eventually wither and atrophy over the eons we exist. Only demons of great power have great souls but that’s another story.
“You what!?!” I was incredulous, almost speechless.
“You heard me perfectly well enough. I have bound you to me yet I will release you from the circle so you are free to move around and explore the world if you choose to. Oh, don’t bother to try anything, it won’t work.”
The Magus had a faint mischievous grin on his lips, it actually suited him I thought briefly. But current matters took precedent.
“Why? Why are you doing this?”
I did not comprehend this at all. This was beyond the norm of the ritual and practice. Humans summoned demons to bind them to their will for various reasons. Letting us go yet still be bound to them… now that was interesting to say the least. Dangerous too, to other humans that is.
“Because… reasons…” was his enigmatic reply as he kicked over one of the five large black candles that ended at the points of the pentagram within the summoning circle with a nonchalant shrug, breaking the containment field.
“That has to be the most vague and non-committal response I have ever heard mortal. Worthy of a Demon prince I may add,” I replied with a wry grin of approval.
Never give any unnecessary information out as to your true motives.
I blinked again, once again in confusion and mistrust as I was about to step out of the circle.
Never before in my immense lifespan had a human who had the power to summon me or any demon for that matter, had given out enough of their own blood to fully paint the summoning circle which binds us to them. He should be dead! Yet he stood in front of me, hale and hearty, not looking like he should be exsanguinated at all.
“Are you hungry or thirsty? The lore is unclear on this but I am going to assume that since you are now manifested in my universe, your corporeal form will require some sort of nourishment?”
The Magus stepped around a small table that was beside him, gesturing to a large glass pitcher full of a yellowy green, cold looking and faintly sweet smelling liquid. Next the that was a one of the most well crafted glasses I had ever seen, perfect in shape, clarity and form. Beside that was a plate which had a small stack of bread that had what appeared to be meat and cheese inside two slices of the bread that formed the stack.
“That’s home made Lemonade and cheese and ham sandwiches. I’ve put English mustard in the sandwiches, sorry, it’s a habit of mine. They might be somewhat spicy to your tastes,” he said with a slight apologetic shrug.
I stood there in abject astonishment. He was showing me kindness. Me, a demon from the hell dimension, known for our nihilistic love of cruelty and sadism. I personally much preferred manipulation and betrayal, psychic and emotional torture over inflicting physical pain but still pain is pain regardless of the source.
A feeling and memory surged up inside me, he is like Gerbert…he is a good man…what does he truly want from me? I must be wary.
“I can consume your foods and drinks… it’s been so long,” I said eagerly then caught myself as I had let out vital information which he could use against me!
“Then help yourself, all you have to do is step over the threshold.”
“Before I do, I must know your name mortal. If I am to… keep you alive… if that is my only requirement, then I must know who is my master.”
“I am not your master. I never intend to and never will be that. I know who and what you are and I do fully understand your nature… no believe me I do,” he said when I gave him a look of derisive dismissal. As if a mortal could know the nature of a demon! HA! Ridiculous! He continued,
“As I was saying, I do know all about your kind as you will discover. You can call me Ty. I will not give you my full name yet. You need to earn that. Again… I know things… knowledge is power after all eh?” he said with a sad smile.
The Magus was right. Knowledge is true power. Why he had a sad look was interesting as it vanished immediately.
“Very well… Ty… I accept your offer of sustenance. You are the most captivating, interesting mortal I have encountered in a long while,” I said as I stepped across the broken summoning circle.
I immediately thought about trying to seize him in my powerful grasp yet as soon as I did, the thought vanished. He was right, I could not even think about harming him. It was a most unusual feeling. No matter, mortals always overlook something in the rituals, I would find the loophole and be free. In any case, this was a most welcome reprieve from the eternal boredom that I had endured.
“Here, take a seat and have a drink. I think you could use one,” the Magus known as Ty said as he gestured to a white chair made from a shiny substance that was not wood. The chair had a large opening at the back in which my tail could comfortably pass through.
“What is this chair made of?” I inquired as I took my seat.
“It’s called Plastic and you will be seeing a lot more of it. It’s a wonderful material yet like all things, it comes with a cost.”
I raised my eyebrows at hearing that. This Magus was indeed wise. He knew of the traps that could come with things that looked like being a panacea. Nothing comes without a cost, well nothing that is worth it in my judgement.
He poured the liquid into the glass and held it out to me.
I took it from his hands, letting our fingers brush against each other so I could enter his mind and dominate him. It was like hitting a wall, I couldn't get in!
He smirked at me as I realised that I couldn’t.
“Enjoy your Lemonade, Meridiana.”
“I shall Magus Ty,” I replied with a sultry smirk of my own. Taking a sip, I was instantly hit with incredible sweetness and sourness as well as the chill of the drink. My eyes widened once more in surprise. It was delicious! I guzzled down the entire glass of Lemonade in seconds.
“More!” I demanded as I thrust the glass back to him.
“As you wish,” he replied with an amused wink as he refilled my glass.
This was going to be an extremely interesting for us both I thought as I sipped upon my refreshed drink, gazing at my new Magus.
Most interesting times indeed lay ahead.
Part 2
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2023.03.28 04:08 fishing_in_spaceYT The Role of Microbes in Ancient Warfare

as usual, video available as well https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OARR3LUMMqg&ab_channel=fishinginspace

I want to run a thought experiment on the subject of ancient politics and warfare. We are going to look at military traditions, the underpinnings of ceremony and religion and the role of the occult sciences such as omens, astrology and oracles.
Now we could expand this to more modern wars such as world war 2 but that will have to wait for another time. Ancient wars have a particular literary record that gives us a unique insight into the more abstract esoteric side of these wars.
For this thought experiment let us assume the following;
-Humans are composed of and influenced by the microbiome and the microbes of the terrain.
-These microbes follow the electrical and vibrational patterns of the stars, planets, sun and moon.
-The motive and directive of the microorganism is not necessarily related to human events.
-Finally, the world has many means of connectivity, sometimes called synchronicity which occurs due to the behaviors of micro-cultures, aka the land or terrain personified.

Now we are going to subject ourselves to some examples of broad medieval and ancient ideologies widespread throughout the world.
The Mandate of heaven, sometimes referred to as the divine right to rule. Everyone from Egypt, to the European kingdoms, to China and Japan, and back to Mesoamerica all believed their rulers and dynasties were appointed by the heavens.
One could not be considered a legitimate ruler by the people without this mandate.
When two or more parties decided to join in an alliance they would hold a feast or banquet to honor the agreement. No such agreement would be valid until the banquet was held. It was the sharing of a meal that forged the communal bond between two factions, literally the adjoinment of microbiomes.
Decisions of policy, warfare strategy and battlefield tactics as well as the overall campaign depended and relied on the reading of the auguries. Omens were read to gauge the viability of a course of action. There was an understanding that the gods or the heavens moved of their own accord and the people had to learn to read these flows and patterns so as not to attack on an unfavorable day.
Whether it was the casting of runes, the trance state of the oracle, the astrologer, the liver reading, the yarrow stalks, or the chiromancy, the necromancy, the tea reading, the mirror reading, cat, lightning, river, animal, all of these practices and there are many more, suggest that from any source the future can be divined.

If we look at these practices together from a step back, we see that there is an interconnectivity of all things, like a massive play orchestrated by forces or energies outside our vision, the stars and the microorganisms, electromagnetism and cymatic vibration. Indeed this is how the events of a terrible war were described by the storyteller’s, that they were playthings of the gods, that heaven ordered one dynasty to be defeated, the rise and fall of empires.
The astrologers would advise their lord to choose an auspicious day for the invasion, or when the stars do not favor them to retreat. Failing to heed the warning signs of omens could spell disaster. And in many cases the omens could be misinterpreted or ignored if the situation seemed too good to pass up.
But do not confuse this with determinism. They believed that the heavens and the gods favored the bold. Nothing was set in stone. Heaven could be changed and so the course of fate could be as well.

These astro-microbial forces move in their own patterns for their own reasons, divination is the ability to sense these movements and act accordingly, in this way, divination or omens can be read from any and all things. A troubling dream could be seen as a warning sign before a battle, suggesting a sense of impending doom that only the right decision can remediate.
If we observe warfare, and civilization itself from a different perspective, we might see it like this, a dynamic ecosystem moving through waves of light, energy, particles and microorganisms seamlessly. It is not humans living in the world and in nature, but a phantasmagoria of minerals, electricity, waves, organs and systems acting and interacting constantly, the way a city, a motherboard, an ant colony, slime mold, stars in the night and so much more form in like patterns.

Take the food chain and reverse it, Microbes are at the top and everything falls into place thereafter. One could even put the stars and stones above the microorganisms. Perhaps, in this way, the sentiment of feeling that war is in the air, or the land bleeds, the stars have decreed, a fever of zealous inspiration possesses an entire people and war is waged.
The longer a dynasty rules, the sicker it becomes. The buildings grow old and moldy, complacency and degeneracy signal incompetence and illness. Generations of harmful microbes infect the people and the ruling dynasty. A revolt may break out as the people no longer see their rulers as human, but as filled with demons.
In some cases a neighboring or foreign civilization will appear evil and all problems are blamed on this group and war is fervently waged. Violence grips the people and spreads like a plague, but suppose it is a plague of sorts, a microbial circumstance altering the behavior of an entire landscape and therefore its people.

The fortune or misfortune of a civilization always falls into a spiritual issue by the people. They are too degenerate and sinful, unclean and disrespectful. Sacrifices are made, people are blamed, tensions rise and aggressive behavior is exacerbated as the cycle of the sun and moon, planets and stars influence the very microbes bred by such a lifestyle, from the food and water, to the air and houses, clothes and guts of everyone.
The old dynastic building are burned, their people executed and the regime changes with prosperity following for many years after until the cycle repeats.
The gods are capricious and benevolent. The gods are the personification of the interaction of astrology and microorganisms, of cymatic patterns and their effects on the behavior and growth of the microscopic.
Wars are fought in the way one might expect a mass of bacteria to fight another bacteria.
Herds of creatures clashing in brutal conflict. The behavior of a crowd or mob or army becomes its own singular identity. Omens are read, rituals prepared, ceremonies acted out and sacrifices offered. And then battle ensues.

The scholarly or historical reaction to all these behaviors of ancient warfare is usually dismissive as primitive or superstitious people doing anything they can out of fear to get the upper hand. Appealing to forces which do not exist.
But what a different perspective we get when we do so through the context of this thought experiment.

I encourage you to read any of the following stories within this astro-microbial influence. Ask yourself why the language is pervasive across the world in these epic tales of historic periods rife with gods and rituals, astrology and fate.
It is through fiction that we can tell and understand the truth, for you would not believe the reality if it was not presented as a myth. And through these myths, we can reconstruct a narrative that involves forces beyond just the human form, one in which the stars and the land itself push and pull these lords and generals, heroes and warriors by the fate strings connecting everything to each other.
While I did not mention any war epic specifically, I want you to be able to read for yourself and think of these themes in the book and see what you come up with. I was reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms while writing this from which all of the talked about themes are prevalent.
If you are familiar with the Iliad or the Aeneid or any of the other ancient war epics, you may already know what I’m talking about. I will break down specific chapters and lines in a future video to demonstrate the actual literature.
In the meantime I will continue to read these epics until I’ve prepared a large enough quantity of texts from around the world to show you.

To conclude, the only presupposition you need to have is that of an overarching behavior of microbes that the heroes of the story personify as gods. Read it like a play orchestrated by the stars and microbes, and see what you get out of the story.

There are many ancient war epics and modern historical fictions, so long as the author maintains the mystical/mythological ‘fantasy’ aspect as a strong or underlying theme of the story than it should be sufficient in providing the microbial perspective as fantasy or myth naturally draws from those invisible forces and personifies or turns them into a magical power.

For example, necromancy was divination through communing with the dead for the future but in modern times it has become a practice in fantasy of controlling or raising the dead.
The same with pyromancy, what was divination through fire became using fire ‘magic’
And so on for all the ancient ‘mancy’ practices that became magical abilities in modern fantasy.
This is along similar lines to how demons, spirits and the fey changed from tiny, invisible mischievous or malevolent entities into larger, other dimensional creatures like the devil with pitchfork and conjuring style ghosts called ‘paranormal activity’
Some books (not all by far and this doesn't include the many historical fictions or fantasy novels written in the modern day and I am sure people in the comments will point to many more)
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Illiad
Aeneid
The Lusiads
The Tain
The Song of Roland
Many works by shakespeare
The Mahabharata
The Prose Edda
The Popul Vuh
Arabian Nights
Fingal
The Mabinogion
Beowulf
Metamorphoses
Biblical and other religious accounts of warfare
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2023.03.27 23:49 Kiskeym2 [Essay] Unova's Chronicles V: From the War's Aftermath to the Swords of Justice

For other analysis on the Pokémon narrative, check the Main Hub!

We've finally reached the last main thread of my Unova analysis series. It's been a journey, generation V narrative is really the most complex I've examined thus far. But I won't steal you any more time, this piece is stupidly long and you really have to be as insane as me to read it all - but hey, don't forget to also read all the previous ones to get the full picture. Of course, I have to split this in three due to Reddit character limitation wanting to draw parallels with the Original Dragon narrative... uh? Have a good read!

Aftermath

After the end of the Second Unovan War, the region entered a period of uncertainty and political instability. Whether Unova remained a unified kingdom or if small local realities emerged right off the bat, the Relic Castle likely remained a crucial part of the culture for a while.
Legions of Yamask and Cofagrigus linger in the ruins, evidently belonging to more than two generations. Funeral equipment continued as a strong tradition for a while among the nobility, meaning the castle wasn’t buried by sand in the blink of an eye. The cultural context, however, rapidly changed.
People clearly witnessed the devastation armies of Golurk and Sigilyph could bring, and the sight of Reshiram and Zekrom igniting Unova’s skies left a permanent scar on everyone’s minds. Pokémon were truly dangerous creatures, not mystical beings to worship. And so, the two worlds started to drift apart from each other.
Volcarona scatters burning scales. Some say it does this to start fires. Others say it's trying to rescue those that suffer in the cold.
Its burning body causes it to be unpopular in hot parts of the world, but in cold ones, Volcarona is revered as an embodiment of the sun.
The Sun Incarnation cult had no place in the reign anymore, and the Pokédex stresses how people view of Volcarona shifted as soon as the climate got hotter. And if the land was once made fertile by the blessing of Landorus, then the Desert Resort could be just as unnatural: men started to fear and despise the God of Land, and he responded cursing the area with a permanent sandstorm. The Relic Castle suddenly found itself in a harsh environment, and as its foundation weren’t built for the sands it slowly started to sink down the earth.
The Darmanitan on the roof weren’t awakened form their zen form either, confirming the shrine wasn’t used ever again - although some eventually managed to reverse to their original shape, as the one befriended by N has the Zen Mode Ability.
Rumours weren’t confined to the Southern capital. In all the corners of the region, Pokémon started to be feared as monsters, and spreading of baseless believes was common.
[Gothorita] It's said that when stars shine in the night sky, this Pokémon will spirit away sleeping children. Some call it the Witch of Punishment.
Lacunosa Town is an emblematic example: with the husk of the Original Dragon lingering near the original site of impact, stories of a maneater monster started to be spoken:
“When darkness falls over the land, this Pokémon appears. A frigid wind follows it. It freezes everything around and eats people and Pokémon… That’s why everyone was afraid. […] So our ancestors surrounded the town with walls, to prevent the Pokémon from getting inside the town. Also, a rule was made forbidding anyone to go outside after the dark.”
We’ll never know if Kyurem really started to feed on humans and Pokémon after the split, or if the tales are no more than superstition. The inhabitants of Lacunosa were aware the dragon lived in the Giant Chasm and that it possessed glacial powers, confirming some sort of contact had to happen. But it’s also true Kyurem retired to its former home and an entire ecosystem developed around it, with the Legendary Pokémon causing no harm in present days. Whatever the truth was, suspect was enough for humans to erect walls around the village and forbid anyone to come outside their home at night.
Mountains and woods crawled with Pokémon too, and humans didn’t dare to adventure in those unknown territories anymore. Lostlorn Forest was one of many examples, as the map description states:
It was once known as a place where people got lost for no reason.
To be fair, this wasn’t an unfounded conclusion if Zoroark lived in the surroundings since far back then. The one we can catch during our visit is obviously a younger specimen, as it’s a direct reference to her dedicated movie, but rumours spreading in the past suggest more than one Illusion Fox made the forest their den.
If it thinks humans are going to discover its den, Zoroark shows them visions that make them wander around in the woods.
When we defeat the Zoroark in Lostlorn Forest, the mobile trailer she lived in disappears and the whole surroundings get wider, implying the whole area was under her illusion. The Pokédex further clarifies the Pokémon can cast visions on humans who may discover their lair, so the fear of the ancients wasn’t unjustified in this particular case.
According to Pokémon Legends: Arceus official website, Zorua migrated to Hisui after being driven from their homeland by humans. Not only this is coherent with the picture described, but it also explains why this particular line is so rare in contemporary Unova.
These Zorua migrated to the Hisui region after being driven from other lands by humans, who shunned the Pokémon for manifesting uncanny illusions.
There were clearly exceptions to the general perception. The DNA Splicers was kept safe in Opelucid City until the contemporary era, so the cult which ought to preserve the Original Dragon identity remained unaltered. The Dragonspiral Tower was also left untouched, maybe more because all the Golett protecting the place than out of care of the ancient site.
Anyhow, both the Relic Castle and the city on Route 4 were slowly engulfed by sand, and while the Pokédex affirms many Sigilyph still reside in Desert Resort following their old patrols, some eventually managed to free themselves from their masters’ programming - as they aimlessly wandered until they reached Kalos and Galar.
They never vary the route they fly, because their memories of guarding an ancient city remain steadfast.
The many Banette infesting Victory Road tell us the Northern capital didn’t last any longer. Whether the inhabitants died because the fortress inside the mountain collapsed or after their Golurk started an uprising, with both the main political centres down it’s hard to imagine Unova was able to maintain a centralized government. Many small sovereign entities may have emerged during this period, with conflicts raging left and right.

Sleeping Tree

According to NPC dialogues, the ruins of the Entralink are traces of a civilization that lived before humans and Pokémon started to live together. As we’ve explored already, in Unova mankind existed alongside Pokémon since its dawn in the Stone Age - leaving no doubt this must refer to the period after the Second War.
“People say the ruins of the Entralink have existed since long before we started living with Pokémon. It's unbelievable that this power has existed for such a long time.”
We can get an idea on how the ancient ruins once looked paying attention to the floor textures: while most of the area is covered in grass, approaching to the fallen constructions makes it change to unfertile soil - with bricks now and then embedded in the ground. In other words, these are the foundations of the original buildings, which we can now identify: there were two main structures to the South - at the sides of what is seems to have been a tower - in parallel with two other smaller houses to the North. And even if no ruins made it to modern days, the floor texture is the same in front of the the Entree too, heavily suggesting the plant was originally prefaced by a small stone shrine.
We’ve already discussed the possibility the Entralink was the original seat of the Kingdom of the Vale’s capital, with the whole place shifting closer to the Dream World when the Sword of the Vale was lifted - also resulting in its last flow of energy to be condensed into a bud which then sprouted into the Entree. Indeed, while the official concept art fails to show the ruins above ground we can see in-game, it also reveals the whole area is sustained by artificial bedrock - possibly belonging to the original Kingdom.
If this reconstruction is correct, then the post-war civilization living here may directly derive from the Kingdom of the Vale. While most of the population was moved to the South after the First War, it’s not unlikely some may have decided to stay behind, refusing to leave their old houses. And when the sleeping realm engulfed the whole place, they were suddenly cut from the rest of the world.
Although Unova’s centre was in the eye of the storm, the rest of the region wasn’t unaffected by the Dream World colliding with the waking realm. The desires of people and Pokémon in all Unova started to take a concrete form, swirling in its epicenter and birthing Pass Powers.
“It is believed that dreams and desires of people and Pokémon in Unova swirled into the center and were formed into Pass Power.”
This peculiar form of energy allowed people to actualize all sorts of wishes, from encountering more Pokémon to making Eggs hatching faster, and even increasing one’s general luck. Men obtained Pass Powers as a by-product of the Entree feeding on dreams, and storing the otherworldly magic inside it.
“The power stored in this tree is called Pass Power.”
It’s not a huge jump, then, to assume the Entree served a major role in the Entralink culture since the distant past, as Pass Powers are said to have been around since ancient times - which is also why the shrine was likely erected in front of it. But if this is true, then it’s questionable the small tree we see in the games to be the original specimen: it more plausibly belongs to a later generation, as the first Entree likely reached its complete shape when the civilization around it was flourishing.
People started to drawn strength from the oneiric sap the Entree produced - and the more people used Pass Powers, the more they dreamt, and the more the tree grew in size. When we unlock all the powers in our save-file, we can witness how the first tree may have looked in its days of glory: a grand spiral plant, a shape which once again links the place to the Original Dragon - the proverbial リュウラセン [Helix Dragon] the Dragonspiral Tower is dedicated to, not to mention Kyurem connection with the DNA helix through the Splicers. And that’s not surprising if the Entree truly sprouted from the Sword of the Vale.
As People of the Entralink remained isolated from the rest of the world since right after the First War, the progression of their relationship with Pokémon was completely different from outside. North to the ruins there’s the Entree Forest, a place where the Dream World has surfaced so much Pokémon can spontaneously manifest there after dreaming.
“The Entree Forest connects dreams and reality. People say dreams come true here. When a dreaming Pokémon wakes up in Game Sync, its dream will come true in this forest.”
Fennel invention makes us force this process through the Game Sync, but in the past all sorts of creatures may have appeared from the wood’s heart - and a dialogue confirms the forest to be much larger in the past, implying people knew well the Pokémon manifesting there.
“People say the Entree Forest was much bigger in the past, and people were able to use various Pass Powers.”
The forest being much larger may imply parts currently lingering in the Dream World were once located in the waking world. Adventuring in the woods depths might have once led to the Island of Dreams, and from there to the Tree of Dreams from which all sorts of mythical berries were cultivated. Pokémon started to settle in the surroundings, with the Dream Park and the Pokémon Dream Café clearly being closer to humans - while the ones living in the Pleasant Forest remained more feral.
A range of mountains maybe existed to the far North, including the Rugged Mountain and the Icy Cave. The former is where Victini is seen today in the Dream World, which further reaffirms the connection between the Entralink and the Kingdom of the Vale. In the surrounding waters once known as the Sparkling Sea many creatures also swam freely, while the Windswept Sky once swarmed with all sorts of winged beings.
Finally, due to its later architecture the Spooky Manor may have appeared in the Dream World directly, without previously existing in the common plane, but its Japanese name is 古びた洋館 [Old Mansion], confirming the manor to be “old”. Then, it’s just its current appearance which may have been reshaped by Pokémon dreams according to their modern perception, while the building itself could’ve existed since the Entralink civilization before drifting to the sleeping realm along the other locations. Maybe it could’ve even be one of the now lost large buildings to the South, evidently housing a wealthy family.
Be it as it may, contrary to the rest of the region humanity and Pokémon never drift apart from each other in Unova’s center, and this better explains why Pass Powers - mostly related to interactions with Pokémon - were so prominent back then. Given the time-frame, it’s then almost a given those were the people Conkeldurr firstly taught the use of concrete 2000 years ago.
It is thought that Conkeldurr taught humans how to make concrete more than 2,000 years ago.
Indeed, the two bridges at the sides of the Entralink connecting to parallel worlds seem to be around since the ancient age, as the same ground-texture can also be found right before them. And while the oldest bridge in common Unova is just a couple of centuries old, those structure survived untouched for millennia: something possible only with solid foundations in concrete.
Speaking of which, the Entralink is currently located between a rift between universes, allowing us to travel in worlds of different players. This was likely caused by the Dream World engulfment too: a place where the deepest desires can come to life due to dimensional borders becoming thinner has no reason to be alien to multiversal travels. With people being so deeply in touch with Pokémon and at the same time witnessing knowledges modern humans currently have just a grasp of, we can depict this culture as the most florid of dots in a sea of uncertainty.
“The Entralink is a mysterious place to connect with someone's world. If you cross a bridge in the Entralink, you will be able to go to someone's world. There, you should be able to help the adventurer in that world.”
The People of the Entralink originally developed in complete isolation. Even in modern days, it’s only thanks to Fennel’s research that we can access the place, and with the current Entree being so withered it’s implied we are the first visitor in a while. But the Entralink isn’t unknown to current Unova, as it’s clearly addressed by its presence in maps. How did this come about?
With the increasingly understanding of dream layers and parallel universes, it’s not weird teleportation technology was independently developed: and indeed, while the Entralink has no entrance, a warp panel for the outside is right in the middle of the main ruins. The old civilization eventually managed to return to the mainland, witnessing how the world became a hostile place for both humans and Pokémon. Even then, we have no evidence those people played a major role in Unova’s history, and it doesn’t look like they tried to change things for the better. And would you blame them? No C-Gear was invented yet, so there was no way to turn back home once teleported. Facing the unknown of the outside and leaving their homes behind forever was a gargantuan endeavour per se.
The most the games infer on the relationship between Unova and the People of the Entralink is the region’s shape, speculated to look like a swirl in order to better channel Pass Powers. Whether the landscape was terraformed directly by pioneers to help the ones who stayed behind, or they used old synchronic lines in which the Dragon Force flowed at the times of the Kingdom of the Vale, interactions seem to end here.
“Maybe people in the past created the landscape of Unova that looks like a swirl in order to use Pass Power...”
The Entralink is currently deserted, with only an old man and two girls to watch over the underdeveloped Entree. The buildings have long fallen, the forest has now shrank, and many zones have drifted forever in the Dream World. The bridges being still intact and the sleeping tree still sprouting suggest no large-scale cataclysm occurred: the population simply decreased with the passage of centuries, maybe slowly venturing to the mysterious outside world the forefathers lived in.
The church on the North of Driftveil City may be an example of People of the Entralink settling down in the new world [note that the architectural features clearly place this facility to a late period in the civilization history]. Before becoming Team Plasma’s safehouse in the sequels, the building housed many people discussing about philosophical themes and showing a deep interest in Pass Powers. Maybe the last remnant of the ancient culture, besides the bunch of descendants who decided to remain in Unova’s centre till to these days.

Ignorance Blessing

More than two millennia of Unova’s history are completely unspoken by the games. From the end of the Second War to a just a bunch of centuries ago the timeline is kept vague at best. It’s almost unnatural how poor the sources from this period are: as if written culture wasn’t exactly well regarded by whoever was in power at the time.
Humans and Pokémon had to exist as separate, no one had to dare interacting with the dangerous demons who inhabited the world. It was for mankind’s best, but also Pokémon would benefit from the division: as that was the natural state the world should have been, a clear distinction between the two species - between black and white.
N: "Many different values mix together, and the world becomes gray... That is unforgivable! I will separate Pokémon and people, and black and white will be clearly distinct! Only then will Pokémon become perfect beings!”
Team Plasma’s core philosophy is summed up by this dialogue: with Pokémon and humans living together, the world becomes gray and confusing - and only with a distinct separation of shades you can live a complete life. Add to that the grunts wear clothes evocative of medieval times, and it’s clear Ghetsis founded his organization on the ashes of much older believes.
Sugimori: […] “Ghetsis, we wanted something quite unusual, like wearing some pretty strange clothes and having this weird, extraordinary form. Team Plasma itself has the appearance of soldiers from the middle ages, right? And their logo has that same vibe.”
Ohmura: “We decided on the concept of ‘a group of soldiers who protect a king.
Developers confirmed in an interview the connection between the Team Plasma and the Middle Ages, further affirming they designed them thinking of soldiers protecting a king. And while this is obviously the case with N, if their attires are truly based on an ancient order existing in Unova’s past then the region had a monarch even after the Second War. This doesn’t exclude the possibility the old nation was divided in smaller entities after the crisis, but eventually someone managed to regroup them all under the same aegis.
Team Plasma current logo is reminiscent of the Chi Rho, a symbol made by superimposing the first two capital letter of the Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ [Christos], firstly used in the 4th century AD by the soldiers of the Roman Emperor Constantine I. It is, in other words, a religious symbol: quite telling on who the army truly bowed to.
In these void millennia, the king was likely assisted by a Church-like organization, and the general distribution of powers was more or less kept even in modern Team Plasma: N is the supreme monarch, and the Seven Sages his personal counsellors. But in reality, the whole team was led by Ghetsis and his selfish plans for world domination - and it’s not by chance his original concept art shows the character in a much different light: he was meant to be the highest religious authority, a Pope.
The parallels we can draw are then sufficient for the whole picture to be unravelled: when Pokémon and humans started to live separate lives, a system of believes emerged accordingly. The two worlds had to remain separate in order for both to be complete, and a Church was founded on those convictions. The king of the time accepted enthusiastic the new religion, to a point a sacred symbol was put on the soldiers’ attires. Maybe a first order of Sages was established to assist the ruler in their government - the Seven currently quoting Chinese literature may suggest contacts between Unova and the Far East happened at the time - while the Pontiff gained more and more power in the shadows.
We don’t have any explicit information on the Church higher-ups - again written sources are lacking, giving the impression the education of their acolytes wasn’t a priority. Culture naturally brings doubt, and wasn’t it better to live in the bliss of ignorance rather than being tainted by heretic stories of friendship and union with Pokémon? This could also imply Unova was rather isolated from the rest of the world back then, and if the original Sages truly were Easterlings then the Church wasn’t ashamed of its hypocrisy. Maybe restrictions were just for the weak, common people which had to be protected from the terrible truths of the world. That may have been the way of thinking of the cult founder.
Although Ghetsis tried to re-established the long-lost culture, he introduces himself as a Harmonia descendant - which may suggest he’s ignorant about the First King true ideals, and he’s following the footsteps of later descendants. Whether such claim is true, and the fact he can’t hear the voice of all beings may let raise an eyebrow, he also gives himself a second surname: “Gropius”. We have no records of such family to have existed in the past, but the Team Plasma shadow leader has though his plan in minute detail: he would never match a pompous name like “Harmonia” with a random, unspoken heritage. Then, Gropius must’ve been another figure of importance for the the organization manifesto, with the German etymology suggesting a later placement in time than the Latin Harmonia. Who’s better than the original Pontiff for such a role?
But if Pokémon and humans lived separately, then the existence of a Church immediately raises a question: what God did they worship? Anthea and Concordia Japanese names are quite different than the English ones, as their titles were totally cut by localization. Respectively, they are 愛の女神 バーベナ [Verbena, Goddess of Love] and 平和の女神 ヘレナ [Helena, Goddess of Peace]. Indeed, while in their official artworks they wear mundane outfits, concept arts show how the two girls may have looked in ceremonial robes, highly reminiscent of Greco-Roman depictions of pagan Gods [Anthea’s toga can also briefly seen in the games introduction sequence].
Ghetsis efforts to bring the old customs back make us aware the original religion revered female deities, and maidens served as their vessels in the earthly world. Then, “Verbena” and “Helena” seems to be the names of the Goddesses rather than the women in which they supposedly manifested.
As confirmed by scenario writer Toshinobu Matsumiya, Verbena’s name is based on the homonymous plant genus - meaning “tender love” in flower language and often associated to the Roman Goddess Diana. It’s quite peculiar for a deity of Love to be connected to the patroness of hunters, and maybe the tender blessings she bestowed only granted protection to the kingdom inhabitants, specifically the followers of her cult. It wasn’t, in short, a Goddess of unconditional love: her favour had to be earned, and defeating enemy armies in her name was one way to do it.
In a similar manner, it’s unlikely Helena taught to her faithful precepts of non-aggression. At the time, war was part of everyday life, and the fact a holy symbol was present on the king’s personal militia is proof enough the Church didn’t discourage armed conflict. More likely, the Goddess of Peace favoured the cease of hostilities as a result of Unova’s win on the battlefield: a deity of victory, but possibly of knowledge too. According to Matsumiya, her name derives from a species of olive and means “peace and wisdom” in flower language - giving the idea she was also the main source of the Church set of dogma, and their keeper across generations through her many human vessels.
Furthermore, the olive referenced in the tweet is Nesiota elliptica, commonly known as Saint Helena olive. The plant got its name from the Island of Saint Helena, in turn named after the mother of Constantine I. With this and the Chi Rho, the Roman Emperor seems to be a recurrent source of inspiration for this period of Unova’s history - and it makes sense considering his relation with the Christian Church. If all the parallels hold up to the narrative, it’s even possible to infer the first vessel of Helena was none other than the king’s mother. As for Verbena, we don’t have specific indications, but it could be worth noticing Saint Helena olives are recorded to grew on a region of the island called Diana’s Peak, reinforcing the idea the two Goddesses were in good terms with each other - Ghetsis adopting both the new monarch and the two vessels could suggest a blood relation existed between the region’s ruler and the two original deities.
Anthea: “N was an orphan. I heard that right after he was born, he upset people with behavior that suggested he could talk to Pokémon. When he was living in the woods with Darmanitan and Zorua, Ghetsis took him in. We are also orphans Ghetsis took in. Our task was to take care of N."
Regardless of details, what’s sure is that this period of obscurantism lasted for more than two thousand years. Pokémon and humans never came in contact with each other thanks to the Church influence, making sure the two worlds stayed separate. Many kings rose and fell, and as many vessels were chosen for Verbena and Helena - maybe even serving as wet nurses for the next heir in the line of succession, as the two Goddesses did for N in modern times.
Countless wars may have broke out, both because of internal conflicts and invasions from the outside, but the mighty Unovan army was always able to extinguish the revolts and repel the enemies. That until something changed forever.

All for one, and one for all!

We don’t have a precise chronology for the war the Swords of Justice have stopped, but contrary to the most immediate thought it’s unlikely this event coincides with the Second War. An NPC appearing in Mistralton Cave and in the Moor of Icirrus tell us their story in detail:
“In the distant past, when Pokémon and people lived in different worlds, a war between people started an intense fire in a forest where many Pokémon lived. […]”
This information is crucial to the timeline: the conflict happened “when Pokémon and people lived in different worlds”, confirming it could’ve only happened after the Second War ended and the Church was established. Indeed, this was a war “between people”: Pokémon surely weren’t part of human armies at the time. The specifics of the warfare are never spoken: it could’ve been a clash between Unova and another country, or a civil strife between different internal factions. In the end, it doesn’t really matter: it was just the umpteenth turmoil to suppress.
“[…] The Pokémon were surrounded by smoke and flames. They were in big trouble. And then, the legends Cobalion, Terrakion, and Virizion appeared! Terrakion used its amazing strength to destroy rocks blocking the escape route. Virizion used its quick movements to protect Pokémon from looming flames. And Cobalion led the frightened Pokémon out of the burning woods. […]
In the middle of the battlefield, weapons created by men set a forest ablaze and countless Pokémon lost their home. Their desperate cry for help was unheard by the sanguinary humans, and many perished in terror and fear. It’s only then that three beings appeared on the horizon: the mighty Terrakion, who created an escape route with its immense strength; the elegant Virizion, who tamed the flames with whirlwind-like movements; and Iron Will Cobalion, a fierce leader with a heart of steel.
“Long ago, when a war between people started an intense fire in this forest, a single young Pokémon was separated from its parents. Cobalion, Terrakion and Virizion teamed up to take care of this Pokémon. […]”
The wood was most likely located where the Moor of Icirrus is now, as there is where a special event triggers if we bring all the Swords of Justice and their apprentice in our team. Once, a population of Keldeo lived there - but they evidently all lost their lives by the hands of men. A single specimen survived, and it was taken care by the three Legendary Pokémon as their child.
“[…] The people who started the war were routed by the power of the legends. Because of Cobalion, Terrakion, and Virizion, the war ended. When people fight, there’s no peace for Pokémon, either. […]
The divine intervention made the conflict stop. For the first time in ages, humans realized something: “when people fight, there’s no peace for Pokémon.” But how was that possible? They continued to live in separate worlds, and yet they did harm to each other. Weren’t their lives meant to be complete living in division? Doubt started to emerge in the soldiers’ minds, but it was too late. Even if the old man doesn’t elaborate further, the Pokédex for Terrakion gives us another piece of the puzzle.
Spoken of in legend, this Pokémon used its phenomenal power to destroy a castle in its effort to protect Pokémon.
Its charge is strong enough to break through a giant castle wall in one blow. This Pokémon is spoken of in legends.
The Swords of Justice didn’t stop at securing Pokémon in trouble: they actively sought revenge against humanity. Stories of Terrakion breaking a castle wall in a single blow is enough to explain why architectures from the Church period are almost absent in contemporary Unova: they were all crushed by the immense power of the three beasts.
The unforeseen attack marked the end of an era: Pokémon and men tried to live separate lives, and this led to none other than ruin and despair for both of them. And what did the Goddesses of Love and Peace did to prevent this? Where was the Pontiff when things degenerated? It was evident even for commoners: the Church lied to them all, the cult they were blindly following was nothing but a lie. With their schemes exposed and riots sprouting all over Unova, the higher priests likely ran away abandoning the population, and we can only imagine how the last vessels of Verbena and Helena met their end.
It’s now clearer these events have to take place much further in the timeline - not at the dawn of the Church domination, but at its downfall. Records of Pokémon and humans starting to get closer to each other start from approximately 300 years ago, and with the Swords of Justice being based on the characters of the French novel The Three Musketeers, which takes place in the 17th century, it’s possible the time-frame to be somehow similar. In short, it took about a century for the two worlds to finally reconcile: a slow process not devoid of accidents, only possible because the kings were now unshackled from the yoke of the Sages’ malevolent counsels.
“[…] The three legends learned that the deeds of humans could lead to dire consequences for their world. They cut themselves off from people and disappeared. No one saw much of them after that, and the three faded into myth.”
Cobalion, Terrakion and Virizion never witnessed humanity’s change of heart. Disappointed by the sight of war, they disappeared forever and their tale is now only spoken in myths. Alongside the Keldeo they rescued, they likely moved West - the Pledge Grove north to Floccesy Town was clearly their hideout for a while, with the three marks they carved with their Sacred Sword on its giant rock representing the oath to always protect Pokémon from mankind. This location being chosen also confirms the area wasn’t inhabited 400 years ago, to which we’ll find further evidences examining later periods.
“[…] The three acted as its parents and taught it the knowledge and the moves it needed to survive. The young Pokémon grew rapidly, and developed a power that surpassed its three caretakers. […]”
The little Keldeo lost its parents in flames, and found a new home among the Swords. As the Colt Pokémon shows no sign of aging even to these days, it’s implied the three bestowed to it a fraction of their essence, effectively preventing it to die of oldness - or at least extending its lifetime by a lot. The pup was trained in isolation, with its caretakers teaching the basic of combats and the values they believed in: humans were dangerous enemies of Pokémon, and no pacific contacts had to be established with them. They would have lied, pretended to be friends only to backstab them at the first good opportunity. Ironically, the three were committing the same mistake of the Church, promoting a world of division.
“[…] However… One day that Pokémon disappeared from the forest. No one knows why. But when I think about it… Young ones are always reckless and drawn to adventure…”
Keldeo grew strong and was even able to surpass its adoptive parents, it mastered Sacred Sword and was ready to fight with the others. But one day, it suddenly disappeared. Like the old man suggests, it was probably the call of youth: according to its masters humans were all terrible creatures, but was it really true? It had to see it by itself.
It crosses the world, running over the surfaces of oceans and rivers. It appears at scenic waterfronts.
The Pokédex confirms Keldeo wandered across the world, being able to run over the surfaces of seas and rivers. It witnessed a myriad of different places, Pokémon, and cultures - going as far the Crown Tundra in Galar. It met many wicked people, but also good ones - and it started to understand its parents weren’t completely in the right after all. Indeed, it’s only when it befriended a young Trainer - the same who made the Swords aware how much the humans had changed - than it was able to unlock its true power and learn Mystic Sword, changing appearance to its Resolute Form.

Part II HERE!

submitted by Kiskeym2 to pokemonconspiracies [link] [comments]


2023.03.27 20:53 partypastor Unreached People Group of the Week - Uyghurs of China

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Happy Monday everyone, welcome to another UPG of the Week. In case you didn't know, Ramadan begins this week. What is Ramadan you might wonder?
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer, reflection and community. A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation, the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next. The month of Ramadan is a time when Muslims are very aware of dreams and visions. They believe dreams are a direct way that Allah chooses to reveal himself to people. During this time of heightened spiritual focus, Muslims are often seeking a special message or revelation. As Christians have prayed earnestly for their Muslim neighbors and friends during this season, they hear reports of dreams and visions in which Jesus appears to these friends and draws them to Himself.
So, that means for the entire month I will be picking Muslim peoples groups for us to be praying for!
This month, rather than going around telling Muslims to just get over their idolatry (yes yes, they worship a false god, we agree on that) I thought we could take a minute to learn about these people, to pray for them and learn how to better engage them and their beliefs! Meet the Uyghur people of China!
Yes, yes, I know I have done this before, but its been 3+ years and China is still committing Genocide against these peoples and Tiktok still perpetuates it (tagging u/22duckys to back this up)

Region: China - Xinjiang

map
Stratus Index Ranking (Urgency): 53
Climate: A semiarid or desert climate prevails in Xinjiang. The entire region has great seasonal differences in temperature with cold winters. The Turpan Depression often records some of the hottest temperatures nationwide in summer, with air temperatures easily exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). Winter temperatures regularly fall below −20 °C (−4 °F) in the far north and highest mountain elevations. Continuous permafrost is typically found in the Tian Shan starting at the elevation of about 3,500–3,700 m above sea level. Discontinuous alpine permafrost usually occurs down to 2,700–3,300 m, but in certain locations, due to the peculiarity of the aspect and the microclimate, it can be found at elevations as low as 2,000 m.
Black Irtysh river in Burqin County is a famous spot for sightseeing.
Terrain: Xinjiang is mostly covered with uninhabitable deserts and dry grasslands, with dotted oases conducive to habitation accounting for 9.7% of Xinjiang's total area by 2015 at the foot of Tian Shan, Kunlun Mountains and Altai Mountains, respectively.
Close to Karakoram Highway in Xinjiang.
Wildlife of China: China has, according to one measure, 7,516 species of vertebrates including 4,936 fish, 1,269 bird, 562 mammal, 403 reptile and 346 amphibian species. In terms of the number of species, China ranks third in the world in mammals, eighth in birds, seventh in reptiles and seventh in amphibians. China's big cat species include the tiger, leopard, snow leopard and clouded leopard. The family Canidae has many members in China including the dog, wolf, dhole, red fox, corsac fox, Tibetan sand fox and common raccoon dog. They have the Panda bear, supposedly in the wild, though, like the Uyghurs they live almost completely in captivity. Other more common bears in China include the Asiatic black bear and the brown bear which are found across much of the country. China has a big variety of reptiles including the Chinese alligator and the Yangtze giant softshell turtle.
Unfortunately China is home to 21 primate species. :(
The Gobi Grizzly, a brown bear species in the Gobi desert
Environmental Issues: China's environmental problems, including outdoor and indoor air pollution, water shortages and pollution, desertification, and soil pollution, have become more pronounced and are subjecting Chinese residents to significant health risks. Not to mention the active genocide of its peoples.
Languages: There are as many as 292 living languages in China. Largely spoken is Mandarin Chinese. The Uyghurs in China speak Uyghur.
Government Type: Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic

People: The Uyghurs of China

Uyghur man
Population: 11,770,000
Estimated Foreign Workers Needed: 235+
Beliefs: The Uyghurs are 0.01% Christian. That means out of their population of 11,770,000 there are roughly maybe 1,000 true believers.
Most Uyghur follow a folk Islam mixed with superstition. Islam is stronger in southern Xinjiang than in the north. Today, although almost all Uyghurs profess to be Muslims, few are aware of the time in history when the majority of Uyghurs were Christians.
A Chinese flag flies over a mosque closed by authorities in the old town of Kashgar.
Current Ongoing Genocide: China is actively destroying Uyghur culture, killing Uyghurs and supressing all news of this. I believe this video from Vice contains some helpful info. Warning, language is bad.
Since 2014, Uyghurs in Xinjiang suffer under a "fully-fledged police state" with extensive controls and restrictions upon their religious, cultural and social life. In Xinjiang, the Chinese government has expanded police surveillance to watch for signs of "religious extremism" that include owning books about Uyghurs, growing a beard, having a prayer rug, or quitting smoking or drinking. The government had also installed cameras in the homes of private citizens.
Further, at least 120,000 (and possibly over 1 million) Uyghurs are detained in mass detention camps, termed "re-education camps," aimed at changing the political thinking of detainees, their identities, and their religious beliefs. Some of these facilities keep prisoners detained around the clock, while others release their inmates at night to return home. The New York Times has reported inmates are required to "sing hymns praising the Chinese Communist Party and write 'self-criticism' essays," and that prisoners are also subjected to physical and verbal abuse by prison guards. Chinese officials are sometimes assigned to monitor the families of current inmates, and women have been detained due to actions by their sons or husbands.
The government denied the existence of the camps initially, but have changed their stance since to claiming that the camps serve to combat terrorism and give vocational training to the Uyghur people. Yet, calls by activists to open the camps to the visitors to prove their function have gone unheeded. Plus, media groups have shown that many in the camps were forcibly detained there in rough unhygienic conditions while undergoing political indoctrination.The lengthy isolation periods between Uyghur men and women has been interpreted by some analysts as an attempt to inhibit Uyghur procreation in order to change the ethnic demographics of the country.
An October 2018 exposé by the BBC News claimed, based on analysis of satellite imagery collected over time, that hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs must be interned in rapidly expanding camps. It was also reported in 2019 that "hundreds" of writers, artists, and academics had been imprisoned, in what the magazine qualified as an attempt to "punish any form of religious or cultural expression" among Uyghurs.
Parallel to the forceful detainment of millions of adults, in 2017 alone at least half a million children were also forcefully separated from their families, and placed in pre-school camps with prison-style surveillance systems and 10,000 volt electric fences. Wikipedia
Many many mosques have been actively destroyed by China.
Links from u/lannister80 that are helpful about all of this.
Typical smog hanging over Urumqi
History: The history of the Uyghur people, as with the ethnic origin of the people, is a matter of contention. Uyghur historians viewed the Uyghurs as the original inhabitants of Xinjiang with a long history. Uyghur politician and historian Muhammad Amin Bughra wrote in his book A History of East Turkestan, stressing the Turkic aspects of his people, that the Turks have a continuous 9000-year-old history, while historian Turghun Almas incorporated discoveries of Tarim mummies to conclude that Uyghurs have over 6400 years of continuous history, and the World Uyghur Congress claimed a 4,000-year history in East Turkestan. However, the official Chinese view, as documented in the white paper History and Development of Xinjiang, asserts that the Uyghur ethnic group formed after the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, when the local residents of the Tarim Basin and its surrounding areas were merged with migrants from the khaganate.
The early Turkic peoples descended from agricultural communities in Northeast Asia who moved westwards into Mongolia in the late 3rd millennium BC, where they adopted a pastoral lifestyle. By the early 1st millennium BC, these peoples had become equestrian nomads. In subsequent centuries, the steppe populations of Central Asia appear to have been progressively Turkified by East Asian nomadic Turks, moving out of Mongolia.
The Uyghurs of the Uyghur Khaganate were part of a Turkic confederation called the Tiele, who lived in the valleys south of Lake Baikal and around the Yenisei River. They overthrew the First Turkic Khaganate and established the Uyghur Khaganate. The Uyghur Khaganate lasted from 744 to 840. It was administered from the imperial capital Ordu-Baliq, one of the biggest ancient cities built in Mongolia. In 840, following a famine and civil war, the Uyghur Khaganate was overrun by the Yenisei Kirghiz, another Turkic people. As a result, the majority of tribal groups formerly under Uyghur control dispersed and moved out of Mongolia.
he Uyghurs who founded the Uyghur Khaganate dispersed after the fall of the Khaganate, to live among the Karluks and to places such as Jimsar, Turpan and Gansu. These Uyghurs soon founded two kingdoms and the easternmost state was the Ganzhou Kingdom (870–1036) which ruled parts of Xinjiang, with its capital near present-day Zhangye, Gansu, China. The modern Yugurs are believed to be descendants of these Uyghurs. Ganzhou was absorbed by the Western Xia in 1036.
The second Uyghur kingdom, the Kingdom of Qocho ruled a larger section of Xinjiang, also known as Uyghuristan in its later period, was founded in the Turpan area with its capital in Qocho (modern Gaochang) and Beshbalik. The Kingdom of Qocho lasted from the ninth to the fourteenth century and proved to be longer-lasting than any power in the region, before or since. The Uyghurs were originally Tengrists, shamanists, and Manichaean, but converted to Buddhism during this period. Qocho accepted the Qara Khitai as its overlord in the 1130s, and in 1209 submitted voluntarily to the rising Mongol Empire. The Uyghurs of Kingdom of Qocho were allowed significant autonomy and played an important role as civil servants to the Mongol Empire, but was finally destroyed by the Chagatai Khanate by the end of the 14th century.
In the tenth century, the Karluks, Yagmas, Chigils and other Turkic tribes founded the Kara-Khanid Khanate in Semirechye, Western Tian Shan, and Kashgaria and later conquered Transoxiana. The Karakhanid rulers were likely to be Yaghmas who were associated with the Toquz Oghuz and some historians therefore see this as a link between the Karakhanid and the Uyghurs of the Uyghur Khaganate, although this connection is disputed by others.
The Karakhanids converted to Islam in the tenth century beginning with Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan, the first Turkic dynasty to do so. Modern Uyghurs see the Muslim Karakhanids as an important part of their history; however, Islamization of the people of the Tarim Basin was a gradual process. The Indo-Iranian Saka Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan was conquered by the Turkic Muslim Karakhanids from Kashgar in the early 11th century, but Uyghur Qocho remained mainly Buddhist until the 15th century, and the conversion of the Uyghur people to Islam was not completed until the 17th century.
In the 17th century, the Buddhist Dzungar Khanate grew in power in Dzungaria. The Dzungar conquest of Altishahr ended the last independent Chagatai Khanate, the Yarkent Khanate, after the Aqtaghlik Afaq Khoja sought aid from the 5th Dalai Lama and his Dzungar Buddhist followers to help him in his struggle against the Qarataghlik Khojas. The Aqtaghlik Khojas in the Tarim Basin then became vassals to the Dzungars.
The expansion of the Dzungars into Khalkha Mongol territory in Mongolia brought them into direct conflict with Qing China in the late 17th century, and in the process also brought Chinese presence back into the region a thousand years after Tang China lost control of the Western Regions.
The Dzungar–Qing War lasted a decade. During the Dzungar conflict, two Aqtaghlik brothers, the so-called "Younger Khoja" (Chinese: 霍集佔), also known as Khwāja-i Jahān, and his sibling, the Elder Khoja (Chinese: 波羅尼都), also known as Burhān al-Dīn, after being appointed as vassals in the Tarim Basin by the Dzungars, first joined the Qing and rebelled against Dzungar rule until the final Qing victory over the Dzungars, then they rebelled against the Qing in the Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas (1757–1759), an action which prompted the invasion and conquest of the Tarim Basin by the Qing in 1759. The Uyghurs of Turfan and Hami such as Emin Khoja were allies of the Qing in this conflict, and these Uyghurs also helped the Qing rule the Altishahr Uyghurs in the Tarim Basin.
During the Dungan Revolt (1862–1877), Andijani Uzbeks from the Khanate of Kokand under Buzurg Khan and Yaqub Beg expelled Qing officials from parts of southern Xinjiang and founded an independent Kashgarian kingdom called Yettishar ("Country of Seven Cities"). Under the leadership of Yaqub Beg, it included Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan, Aksu, Kucha, Korla, and Turpan. Large Qing dynasty forces under Chinese General Zuo Zongtang attacked Yettishar in 1876.
After this invasion, the two regions of Dzungaria, which had been known as the Dzungar region or the Northern marches of the Tian Shan, and the Tarim Basin, which had been known as "Muslim land" or southern marches of the Tian Shan, were reorganized into a province named Xinjiang, meaning "New Territory".
In 1912, the Qing Dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China. By 1920, Pan-Turkic Jadidists had become a challenge to Chinese warlord Yang Zengxin, who controlled Xinjiang. Uyghurs staged several uprisings against Chinese rule. In 1931, the Kumul Rebellion erupted, leading to the establishment of an independent government in Khotan in 1932, which later led to the creation of the First East Turkestan Republic, officially known as the Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan. Uyghurs joined with Uzbeks, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyz and successfully declared their independence on 12 November 1933. The First East Turkestan Republic was a short-lived attempt at independence around the areas encompassing Kashgar, Yarkent, and Khotan, and it was attacked during the Qumul Rebellion by a Chinese Muslim army under General Ma Zhancang and Ma Fuyuan and fell following the Battle of Kashgar (1934). The Soviets backed Chinese warlord Sheng Shicai's rule over East Turkestan/Xinjiang from 1934 to 1943. In April 1937, remnants of the First East Turkestan Republic launched an uprising known as the Islamic Rebellion in Xinjiang and briefly established an independent government, controlling areas from Atush, Kashgar, Yarkent, and even parts of Khotan, before it was crushed in October 1937, following Soviet intervention. Sheng Shicai purged 50,000 to 100,000 people, mostly Uyghurs, following this uprising.
The oppressive reign of Sheng Shicai fueled discontent by Uyghur and other Turkic peoples of the region, and Sheng expelled Soviet advisors following U.S. support for the Kuomintang of the Republic of China. This led the Soviets to capitalize on the Uyghur and other Turkic people's discontent in the region, culminating in their support of the Ili Rebellion in October 1944. The Ili Rebellion resulted in the establishment of the Second East Turkestan Republic on 12 November 1944, in the three districts of what is now the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. Several pro-KMT Uyghurs like Isa Yusuf Alptekin, Memet Emin Bugra, and Mesut Sabri opposed the Second East Turkestan Republic and supported the Republic of China. In the summer of 1949, the Soviets purged the thirty top leaders of the Second East Turkestan Republic and its five top officials died in a mysterious plane crash on 27 August 1949. On 13 October 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered the region and the East Turkestan National Army was merged into the PLA's 5th Army Corps, leading to the official end of the Second East Turkestan Republic on 22 December 1949.
Mao declared the founding of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. He turned the Second East Turkistan Republic into the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, and appointed Saifuddin Azizi as the region's first Communist Party governor. Many Republican loyalists fled into exile in Turkey and Western countries. The name Xinjiang was changed to Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, where Uyghurs are the largest ethnicity, mostly concentrated in the south-western Xinjiang.
Currently they are being put into concentration camps by the evil Chinese government regime that is actively committing genocide on them.
Scene from the 1828 Qing campaign against rebels in Altishahr
Culture: Typical qualification that all people groups can't be summed up in small paragraphs and this is an over generalization.
Many Uyghur raise cotton, grapes, melons, and fruit trees through an ingenious irrigation system which pipes mountain water into the desert oases.
Most Uighurs (also spelled “Uyghurs” or “Uighers” in Western media) practice Islam and speak a Turkic language that’s completely different from Mandarin Chinese. Uighurs share more ethnic and cultural similarities with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Mongolia ― China’s northern and western neighbors on the Eurasian Steppe ― than with the rest of China itself. “We don’t have any connection with the Chinese. We don’t look Chinese, we don’t speak the same language and we don’t eat the same food,” a Uighur, who asked to be referred to as Billy, told The Telegraph in 2009. “And we are Muslims, we believe in Allah. The Chinese only believe in money.”
The Chinese government considers Xinjiang an “autonomous region,” meaning it has a self-appointed local government. It is not, however, even remotely “autonomous,” despite the name’s implication. (Tibet is also an “autonomous” region).
It is worth noting that Xinjiang is also home to a substantial portion of the country’s most valuable natural resources, which at least partially explains China’s interest. In addition to sizable mineral reserves of iron ore and gold, the region claims about 38 percent of the country’s coal reserves and 25 percent of its petroleum and natural gas, according to government figures. Huff Post
A common Uyghur dish is läghmän (Uyghur: لەڭمەن, ләғмән; Chinese: 手拉麵; pinyin: shǒu lāmiàn), boiled hand-pulled noodles made with wheat flour and eaten with säy, a stir-fried topping usually made with mutton, onions, peppers, tomatoes, and other seasonal vegetables.
Prayer Request:
Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved. (Romans 10:1)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Here are the previous weeks threads on the UPG of the Week for Reformed from 2023 (plus a few from 2022 so this one post isn't so lonely). To save some space on these, all UPG posts made 2019-now are here, I will try to keep this current.
People Group Country Continent Date Posted Beliefs
Uyghur (2nd) China Asia 03/27/2023 Islam
Aimaq Afghanistan Asia 03/20/2023 Islam
Shughni Tajikistan Asia 03/13/2023 Islam
Punjabi Canada North America 03/06/2023 Sikhism
Kurds Turkey Asia** 02/13/2023 Islam***
Krymchak Ukraine* Europe** 02/06/2023 Judaism
Talysh Azerbaijan Asia** 01/30/2023 Islam
Shan Myanmar Asia 01/23/2023 Buddhism***
Shaikh - 2nd post Bangladesh Asia 01/09/2023 Islam
Hindi United States North America 12/19/2022 Hinduism
Somali Finland Europe 12/05/2022 Islam
Hemshin Turkey Asia** 11/28/2022 Islam
Waorani (Reached) Ecuador South America 11/21/2022 Christianity
* Tibet belongs to Tibet, not China.
** Russia/Turkey/etc is Europe but also Asia so...
*** this likely is not the true religion that they worship, but rather they have a mixture of what is listed with other local religions, or they have embraced a liberal drift and are leaving faith entirely but this is their historical faith.
As always, if you have experience in this country or with this people group, feel free to comment or let me know and I will happily edit it so that we can better pray for these peoples! I shouldn't have to include this, but please don't come here to argue with people or to promote universalism. I am a moderator so we will see this if you do.
Here is a list of definitions in case you wonder what exactly I mean by words like "Unreached".
Here is a list of missions organizations that reach out to the world to do missions for the Glory of God.
submitted by partypastor to Reformed [link] [comments]


2023.03.27 20:36 marcoxnt93 [H] Humble Turkiye Syria Leftovers and a lot games [W] Offers


Humble Turkiye-Syria Earthquake Relief Bundle leftovers

Ticket to Ride
Strange Brigade
System Shock Enhanced Edition
Pilgrims
Flynn: Son of Crimson
Into the Pit
Worms Rumble
Backbone
119 Operator
211 Operator
Calico
X-Morph: Defense Complete Pack
Zombie Driver HD Complete Edition
Space Crew: Legendary Edition
Monaco
Death Squared
Lust from Beyond – M Edition
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Remnants of Naezith
Planet TD
Firegirl: Hack 'n Splash Rescue DX
XEL
Little Orpheus
Detached: Non-VR Edition
Agent in Depth
Meow Express
Arcade Spirits
Non-Stop Raiders
The Inner World
The Amazing American Circus
Soulblight
Stacking
Hack 'n’ Slash
MirrorMoon EP
Cosmic Express
Cris Tales
Orbital Racer
Symmetry
Guilty Gear X2 #Reload
Alchemist’s Castle
Soul Searching
Doughlings: Arcade
Doughlings: Invasion
Quadrata
Rym 9000
stikir
Cats and the Other Lives
Soulflow
Izmir: An Independence Simulator
Guns & Fishes
Pill Baby
Project Chemistry
Pixross
Frick, Inc
Sunlight




TIER 0
Back 4 blood eu
Destiny 2 Planet of Peace Exclusive Emblem
Dirt Rally 2.0 + 3 DLC
F1 2012
F1 2019 Anniversary
Grand Theft Auto Vice City
Remnant from the Ashes
Road to Guangdong - Story-Based Indie Road Trip Driving Game
the wolf among us

TIER 1
Absolver
Bloodstained Ritual of the Night
borderlands Game of the year enhanced Edition
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection EU
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition
Darksiders genesis
Deep Rock Galactic
Doom Eternal
Duke Nukem Manhattan Project
DUSK
Elex
Endless Space 2 – Deluxe Edition
friday the 13th
Geometry Wars 3 Dimensions Evolved Mystery
Genital Jousting
Grid Autosport
Grid ultimate edition
Golf With Friends
GoNNER BLüEBERRY EDiTION
guild wars 2 heroic edition
guild wars nightfall
Hitman Absolution
House Flipper
Just cause 3 XXL
Kingdom Rush
Kerbal Space Program x 2
Legend Of Grimrock
Lego Marvel 2 Deluxe
Little Dragons Cafe
Mafia III: Definitive Edition
MAIN ASSEMBLY
Maneater
Mordhau
Orn the tiny forest sprite
Outward US x 2
Overcooked 2 + Surf and Turf + Too Many Cooks
pathfinder wrath
PGA TOUR 2k21 x 2
Phantasmagoria
Portal Knights
Pro cycling manager 2019
Project Cars
Project CARS 2 + Japanese Cars Bonus Pack
Risen
Sairento VR
Scum
Second Extinction
Sonic Forces
Spyro Reignited Trilogy x 2
Starbound
Star Trek Bridge Crew
State of Decay 2
streets of rogue
Summer in Mara
Superhot VR
Tales of Zestiria
Team Sonic Racing
Tekken 7
The Elder Scrolls IV Oblivion GOTY
The Division + DLC US
Tomb Raider GOTY
Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition
TRINE 2 Complete Story
TRINE 3 The Artifacts of Power
Tracks - The Train Set Game
WARHAMMER 40,000: Gladius- Relics of War
Warhammer 40000 : Mechanicus
Wasteland 2 Directors Cut
Wasteland 3
valkyria chronicles IV Complete
X-com 2


TIER 2
ABZU
Armello x 3
asterix obelix xxl3
Band of Defenders
batman arkham knight
Battle Chasers: Nightwar
Beyond Blue
BioShock Infinite
Book of Demons
CHAOS CODE -NEW SIGN OF CATASTROPHE-
Choice Chamber
Chess Ultra
Cities skylines
civilization IV Complete Edition
Civilization 5
Dead by Daylight
Death and Taxes
Degrees of Separation
Drake Hollow
Driftland: The Magic Revival x 2
Endless Space 2
Europa Universalis IV
eXperience 112
FEZ
Flying Tigers: Shadows Over China - Deluxe Edition
Forced
From Space
Gamedec
Gato Roboto
Golf With Friends
Gunman Tales
Hotshot Racing
human fall flat
Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1
Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition
Just Cause 3
Killing Floor 2
King's Bounty: Crossworlds
King’s Bounty: Warriors of the North - The Complete Edition
Last Oasis
Manhunt
Megadimension Neptunia VII
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 - War Chest Edition
METAL SLUG 3
Metro Last Light Redux
Miscreated
MO:Astray
Morphopolis
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Natural Selection 2
NecroWorm
Neo Cab
NEOVERSE
Not For Broadcast
Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty
Odyssey - The Story of Science
OF MICE AND SAND -REVISED-
One Step From Eden
Opus Magnum
Overcooked
Overgrowth
PATHOLOGIC 2
Pillars Of Eternity
Phoenix Point Year one edition
Planespace Torment Enhanced Edition
Plunge
Quantum League
Quest of Dungeons
Railroad tycoon 3
Rise of Industry
River City Melee Mach
Roarr! The Adventures of Rampage Rex
Sanctuary RPG: Black Edition
Scribblenauts Unmasked
Scythe Digital Edition
Serious Sam 3 BFE
Shadowrun: Dragonfall - Director's Cut
Shing!
Skullgirls
Sinking Island
Slinger VR
SNIPER GHOST WARRIOR CONTRACTS
snk anniversary
Sonic All Stars Transformed Collection
Sparkle 2
Sparkle Unleashed
Starbound
Star Wars Galactic Battlegrounds Saga
STAR WARS Jedi Knight - Jedi Academy
STAR WARS™ Jedi Knight II - Jedi Outcast
STAR WARS The Force Unleashed Ultimate Sith Edition
Star Wars Kotor 2
Star Wolves 3: Civil War
stick fight the game
Still There
Stronhold Crusader 2
Struggling
Styx Master of Shadows
SUPER TIME FORCE ULTRA
Surgeon Simulator: Experience Reality
SurrounDead
Surviving Mars x 2
Swords of Gurrah
Tannenberg
THE KING OF FIGHTERS XIII STEAM EDITION
The Technomancer
tilt brush
Titan Quest Anniversary Edition
The Bard’s Tale IV: Director’s Cut
The Beast Inside
The Gardens Between
The Incredible Adventures of Van Hesing
the long dark survival Edition
The Stillness of the Wind
The Swords of Ditto: Mormo’s Curse
The town of light
The walking dead the new frontier
The Wild Eight
Train Valley 2
Trüberbrook
Tropico 5
Tsioque
Unto The End
Valfaris
Voidship: The Long Journey
volcanoids
Wargroove
WARSAW
West of Dead x 2
Wizard Of Legends x 3
Worms Clan Wars
Without Within 3
XCOM: Chimera Squad
Yooka Laylee
Zwei: The Arges Adventure
Zwei: The Ilvard Insurrection


TIER 3
112 Operator
911 Operator
Acorn Assault: Rodent Revolution
Ageless
AI War 2
Alan Wake's American Nightmare
Alien Shooter 2 Conscription
Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
Amnesia: The Dark Descent
angry video game nerd
Arcana Hearts 3
Armada 2526 Gold Edition
arma X
As Far As The Eye
Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation
Atari Vault
AVEN COLONY
Before we Leave
Belladonna
BLACKHOLE
Blitzkrieg Anthology
Boomerang Fu
Bomber Crew - Deluxe Edition
Boreal Blade
Borealis
Bridge Constructor Playground
Broken Age x 3
Brothers – A Tale of Two Sons
Bunker Punks
Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood
Cally's caves 3
Callys Caves 4
Capitalism 2
Carmageddon Max Damage
Cast of the Seven Godsends
Cepheus Protocol
Chaos Reborn
City Siege: Faction Island
COLT CANYON
Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
Crazy Belts
crazy machines 3
Creeping Terror
Crowntakers
Crying Suns
CTU: Counter Terrorism Unit
Cybarian: The Time Travelling Warrior
Cyber Hook
Dad Quest x 2
Dark Heritage: Guardians of Hope
Darkness Within 2: The Dark Lineage
Darksiders Warmastered Edition
Dark Strokes The Legend of the Snow Kingdom Collectors Edition
Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
Death to Spies: Moment of Truth
Death Squared
DESOLATE
Detached
Deus Ex: Invisible War
Dimension Drifter
Distrust : Polar Survival
Double Dragon IV
Draw Slasher
Duke Nukem Forever x 2
Dungeons 3
Dungeon Siege II
DV: Rings of Saturn
EarthNight
EarthX
Eliza
Enforcer: Police Crime Action
ENSLAVED™: Odyssey to the West™ Premium Edition
Epistory - Typing Chronicles
Etherborn
Etherlords I & II
Evergarden
evoland
F1 2018
Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Remastered
Farming World
Fire
Fort Triumph
Fury Unleashed x 2
Garfield Kart
Gas Guzzlers Extreme
Goat simulator
Golf Gang
God's Trigger
Go Home Dinosaurs
Going Under
Gone Home + Original Soundtrack
Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan
GRIP: Combat Racing
Guilty Gear Sign
Gunscape Standard Edition
Hacknet + DLC
Heaven’s Vault
Heavy Burger
Heroes of Annihilated Empires
Hexologic
Hidden Object Bundle 5 in 1
Hidden Object 6in1 bundle
Hive Jump
Hopiko
HORACE
Hue
Hyperspace Invaders II: Pixel Edition
In Between
Innerspace
INMOST
Inside My Radio
Iris and the Giant
Iron Fisticle
John Wick
Just Die Already
ken follet
Kingdom: Classic
King Oddball
Knights of Pen & Paper 2
Knight's Retreat
Labyronia RPG
Labyronia RPG 2
Laser Disco Defenders
Leisure Suit Larry 7 - Love for Sail
Lemuria Lost in Space
Levelhead
LIBERATED
Little Misfortune
Livelock
Lostwinds
Lovecraft’s Untold Stories
Lust from Beyond: M Edition
Lust for Darkness
Luxor 3
Mages of Mystralia
Magrunner: Dark Pulse
Masquerade: The Baubles of Doom
Medieval Kingdom Wars
Mini Ninjas
MirrorMoon EP
Monaco: What’s Yours Is Mine
Moon Hunters
MotoGP 15
Morkredd
MOUNT & BLADE
MXGP - The Official Motocross Videogame
My Memory of Us
Mystery Loss
Narcos: Rise of the Cartels
Nba Playgrounds
Neon Chrome
Newt One
Nex Machina
Neverending Nightmares
Neverout
Niffelheim
Night Call
Nowhere Prophet
Odallus: The Dark Call
Of Orcs And Men
Offworld Trading Company + Jupiter's Forge Expansion Pack
Omen Exitio: Plague
Orbital Racer
Out of Space
Overload
Overlord II x 2
Pac-Man 256
PAC-MAN™ CHAMPIONSHIP EDITION 2
Paper Fire Rookie
Paperbark
Paradigm
Particula
Pathway
Pawnbarian
Payday 2
Peaky Blinders: Mastermind
Perfect Universe
Pesterquest
Pickers
Pikuniku
Pirate Pop Plus
Pixel Heroes
Pixplode
Planet Alpha
Planet of the Eyes
Police Stories
port royale 3 gold
Post Master
POPUP DUNGEON
Prehistoric Tales
Quantum Conundrum
Radio Commander
Rapture Rejects
Rebel Galaxy
red orchestra 2
Re-Legion
REMOTHERED: BROKEN PORCELAIN
Remnants of Naezith
RESIDENT EVIL HD
Rezrog
Retimed
Ring of Pain
Road Redemption
ROCK OF AGES 3: MAKE & BREAK
Röki
Roombo: First Blood
Rover Mechanic Simulator
RRRR
Rustler
Sakura Agent
Sakura Angels
Sakura Beach
Sakura Beach 2
Sakura Fantasy
Sakura Magical Girls
Sakura Shrine Girls
Sakura Spirit
Samorost 3
Serial Cleaner
Seven enchanted edition
Sigma Theory: Global Cold War
SIMULACRA + SIMULACRA 2
Sins Of The Demon
Shadowrun Hong Kong Extended Edition
Shoppe Keep
Shoppe Keep 2
Smile For Me
SKULLY
Smoke and Sacrifice
Sonic & SEGA All-Stars Racing
Soulblight
Space Pilgrim Academy: Reunion
space run galaxy
Speedrunners
Spellspire
S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky
StarCrossed
State of mind
Stealth 2: A Game of Clones
Stealth Bastard Deluxe x 2
Steamburg
Still Life 2
Storm Of Spears
Strider
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Sudden Strike 4
Sundered
Super Hexagon
Supraland
Super Mutant Alien Assault
Super Panda Adventures
Swag and Sorcery
Syberia
Syberia II
Syberia 3
System Shock: Enhanced Edition
Tabletop Playground
Tales from Candlekeep: Tomb of Annihilation
Teleglitch Die More Edition
Telefrag VR
Teslagrad
Testament of Sherlock Holmes
Time Mysteries 3: The Final Enigma
The Amazing American Circus
Tharsis
The Ball
The Deed
The dropping of the dead
The Dwarves
The Hex
The King's Bird
The Last Door: Season 2 - Collector's Edition
The Lost Crown
The Purring Quest
There Came An Echo
The Haunted Island, A Frog Detective Game
The Signal From Tölva
Think of the Children
This War of Mine
ToeJam & Earl Back in the Groove
Tomb Raider IV: The Last Revelation
Tomb Raider V: Chronicles
Tomb Raider Legend
Tomb Raider Underworld
Tooth and Tail
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator
Tropico 4
Turok 2: Seeds of Evil
Underhero
Unrest
Valnir Rok Survival RPG
Vane
Velocity Ultra Deluxe
Vertiginous Golf
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
Wanderlust: Travel Stories
Wandersong
warlock 2
war tech fighters
Werewolf: The Apocalypse — Heart of the Forest
Without Within 2
Whispers of a machine
Wings of Vi
Yoku's Island Express
Youropa
Zoo Park


TIER 4
Acceleration of SUGURI 2
Age of Wonders III
Alien Spidy
Almost There: The Platformer
Angvik
A New Beginning – Final Cut
AtmaSphere
Battle vs chees
Circuit Breakers
Corridor Z
CreaVures
Cubicle Quest
Dagon – The Eldritch Box DLC
Dashing Dinos
Death Fungeon
Drawful 2
DungeonUp x 2
Earth 2150 Trilogy
Enclave
Endless Space – Collection
Evergarden
Formula Car Racing
Fluffy Horde
Gorky 17
Guts And Glory
Hacknet Deluxe Edition
Haegemonia: The Solon Heritage
HIVESWAP: Act 1
Holy Potatoes a Spy Story
Homefront
Horizon Shift
Joggernauts
Journey of a Roach
Learn Japanese to survive Hiragana Battle
Left in the Dark: No One on Board
Leisure Suit Larry 5 - Passionate Patti Does a Little Undercover Work
Leisure Suit Larry 6 - Shape Up Or Slip Out
Little Racers STREET
Lock Parsing 2
Love is Dead
Midnight Mysteries 3: Devil on the Mississippi
Memoria
Moss Destruction
NAIRI: Tower of Shirin
NeuroVoider
No Time to Explain Remastered
One Finger Death Punch
OneShift
Out of Reach: Treasure Royale
Pesterquest
Purrfect Date – Visual Novel/Dating Simulator
Raceland
Regions Of Ruin
Regular Human Basketball x 2
Rencounter
Renoir
Return to Mysterious Island
Resort Boss: Golf
Rym 9000
Seraph
Shooting Stars!
Silence
Sky Break
Space Pilgrim Episode III: Delta Pavonis
Space Pilgrim Episode IV: Sol
Spandex Force: Champion Rising
Steel Rats
Super Daryl Deluxe
Sword Legacy Omen
Taxi
The Adventure Pals x 3
The Deed: Dynasty
The Emerald Maiden: Symphony of Dream
The Spiral Scouts
The Uncertain - The Last Quiet Day
Tiny Troopers
ttv2
Twilight City Love as a Cure
Two Worlds: Epic Edition
Tumblestone
Unhack
Unhack 2
Viking Saga The Cursed Ring
White Noise Online
World Keepers Last Resort
Zombie Party x 2
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